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Afet Sonrası Yapılanmada Konvansiyonel ve İleri Teknolojilerin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 587 - 611, 27.12.2025

Duygu Kurtoğlu , Ali Mehdizade , Sertan Bakar

https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1700238

Öz

Bu çalışma, afet sonrası yeniden yapılanma süreçlerinde konvansiyonel yapım yöntemleri ile parametrik tasarım ve 3B baskı gibi yeni nesil dijital teknolojilerin karşılaştırmalı analizini sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, geleneksel yöntemler ile dijital teknolojilerin güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini değerlendirmek, kullanıcı odaklı tasarımın afet sonrası planlamaya entegrasyonunu analiz etmektir. Nitel araştırma metodolojisi kullanılan çalışma, ayrıca her iki yaklaşımın en etkili yönlerini birleştiren hibrit modellerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamayı ve önerilen stratejileri kullanıcı entegrasyonu, uygulama süreci, üretim uyarlanabilirliği ve kullanıcı merkezli esnek tasarım paradigması kriterleri açılarından değerlendirmektedir. Bulgular, teknoloji odaklı yaklaşımların kullanıcı katılımını artırdığını, yerel ihtiyaçlara daha duyarlı olduğunu ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği desteklediğini göstermektedir; ancak bu yaklaşımlar yüksek maliyet ve teknik uzmanlık gereksinimi gibi sınırlılıklar da içermektedir. Geleneksel yöntemler hızlı ve geniş ölçekli müdahale avantajı sunsa da değişen ihtiyaçları karşılamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır. Afet sonrası yeniden yapılanmada yalnızca tek bir yaklaşıma dayalı çözümler yerine, her iki paradigmanın güçlü yönlerini birleştiren hibrit stratejilerin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Kullanıcı merkezli, esnek ve sürdürülebilir tasarım stratejilerinin benimsenmesi, fiziksel çevrenin yanı sıra sosyal ve kültürel yapının da dirençli hâle gelmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet sonrası yeniden yapılanma Konvensiyonel yapılanma Kullanıcı odaklı tasarım Parametrik tasarım 3B teknolojisi

Kaynakça

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The Comparison of Conventional and Advanced Technologies in Post-Disaster Reconstruction

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 587 - 611, 27.12.2025

Duygu Kurtoğlu , Ali Mehdizade , Sertan Bakar

https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1700238

Öz

This study presents a comparative analysis of conventional methods and new-generation digital technologies, such as parametric design and 3D printing, in post-disaster reconstruction processes. The principal objective of this study is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of traditional methods and digital technologies, and to examine the integration of user-centered design into post-disaster planning. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study also aims to contribute to the development of hybrid models that combine the most effective aspects of both approaches and evaluate the proposed strategies in terms of user integration, implementation processes, production adaptability, and user-centered flexible design paradigm criteria. The findings indicate that technology-oriented approaches enhance user participation, demonstrate greater responsiveness to local needs, support environmental sustainability; however, these approaches are also associated with certain limitations notably high costs and the requirements for technical expertise. While traditional methods offer advantages for rapid and large-scale interventions, they prove inadequate in addressing evolving needs. The research recommends developing hybrid strategies that integrate the strengths of both paradigms rather than solutions based solely on a single approach to reconstruction. The adoption of user-centered, flexible, and sustainable design strategies will contribute to enhancing the resilience of not only the physical environment but also social and cultural fabric.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Post-disaster reconstruction User-centered design Parametric design 3D printing technology

Kaynakça

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  • Aljassmi, H., Najjar, F., & Mourad, A.-H. (2018). Large-Scale 3D Printing: The Way Forward. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 324 012088. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/324/1/012088
  • Ashmore, J., Ferrer, C., & Serra, I. (2010). The IFRC shelter kit. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
  • Aslan, Z., Demiröz, K., & Demiröz Yıldırım, S. (2025). An examination of temporary shelter units in terms of minimum standards: The case of the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. Sustainability, 17(8), 3587. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083587
  • Barakat, S. (2003). Housing reconstruction after conflict and disaster. Humanitarian Practice Network, Overseas Development Institute. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/95619/networkpaper043.pdf
  • Bari, L. F., Ahmed, I., Ahamed, R., Zihan, T. A., Sharmin, S., Pranto, A. H., & Islam, M. R. (2023). Potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) in disaster risk and emergency health management: A critical appraisal on environmental health. Environmental Health Insights, 17, 11786302231217808. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302231217808
  • Batikha, M., Jotangia, R., Baaj, M.Y., & Mousleh, I. (2022). 3D concrete printing for sustainable and economical construction: A comparative study. Automation in Construction, 134, 104087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104087
  • Bazli, M., Ashrafi, H., Rajabipour, A., & Kutay, C. (2023). 3D printing for remote housing: Benefits and challenges. Automation in Construction, 148, 104772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.104772
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  • ICON. (t.y.). ICON and New Story/ World’s First 3D-printed community of homes. 28 Eylül 2025 tarihinde https://www.iconbuild.com/media-gallery/icon-and-new-story-worlds-first-3d-printedcommunity-of-homes adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Institute for Energy Justice. (2021). Community microgrids: Powering resilience in frontline & disaster-impacted communities. https://iejusa.org/community-microgrids-powering-resilience-in-frontline-disaster-impacted-communities National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2023). A menu for enhancing local energy resilience. https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/84493.pdf International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2011). Transitional shelters – Eight designs. https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2014/02/900300-transitional_shelters-eight_designs-en-lr.pdf IPCC. (2023). Climate change 2023: The physical science basis. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf Johnson, C. (2007a). Strategic planning for post-disaster temporary housing. Disasters, 31(4), 435–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.01018.x
  • Johnson, C. (2007b). Impacts of prefabricated temporary housing after disasters: 1999 earthquakes in Turkey. Habitat International, 31(1), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2006.03.002 Johnson, C. (2011). Creating an enabling environment for reducing disaster risk: Recent experience of regulatory frameworks for land, planning and building in low and middle-income countries. Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction.
  • Joyce, K. E., Belliss, S. E., Samsonov, S. V., McNeill, S. J., & Glassey, P. J. (2009). A review of the status of satellite remote sensing and image processing techniques for mapping natural hazards and disasters. Progress in Physical Geography, 33(2), 183–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133309339563 Kadıoğlu, M. (2011). Afet yönetimi: Beklenilmeyeni beklemek, en kötüsünü yönetmek (1. baskı). Marmara Belediyeler Birliği.
  • Kantaros, A. (2024). Leveraging 3D printing for resilient disaster management. Smart Cities, 7(6), 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7060143
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  • Kasım, Y. N. (2024, Kasım 17). Deprem bölgesinde 101 bin konut hak sahiplerine teslim edildi. Anadolu Ajansı. 15 Şubat 2025 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/deprem-bolgesinde-101-bin-konut-hak-sahiplerine-teslim-edildi/3364945 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Kaszyńska, M., Skibicki, S., & Hoffmann, M. (2020). 3D concrete printing for sustainable construction. Energies, 13(23), 6351. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236351
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  • Kurtoğlu, D. & İnceoğlu, M. (2022). Mimari mekanda bir araştırma metodolojisi olarak sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi. In M. Dal & G. Sandal Erzurumlu (Eds.), In Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarımda Güncel Araştırmalar – 2022. Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Labonnote, N., Rønnquist, A., Manum, B., & Rüther, P. (2016). Additive construction: State-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities. Automation in Construction, 72(3), 347–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.026
  • Lagap, U., Ghaffarian, S., Gelinas-Gagne, S., Jilma, J., Liu, Z., & Luo, Z. (2025). Towards reliable deep learning for post-disaster damage assessment: An XAI-based evaluation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105839
  • Li, V. C. (2003). On engineered cementitious composites (ECC): A review of the material and its applications. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 1(3), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.1.215
  • Li, V. C. (2011). Engineered cementitious composites (ECC): Material, structural, and durability performance. In Concrete construction engineering handbook (pp. 46–87). CRC Press.
  • Lindell, M. K. (2013). Recovery and reconstruction after disaster. In P. T. Bobrowsky (Ed.), Encyclopedia of natural hazards (pp. 812–824). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_285
  • Linner, T., & Bock, T. (2012). Evolution of large-scale industrialisation and service innovation in Japanese prefabrication industry. Construction Innovation, 12(2), 156-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/14714171211215921
  • López-López, D., Serrano-Jiménez, A., Gavilanes, J., Ventura-Blanch, F., Barrios-Padura, Á., & Díaz-López, C. (2023). A study on the parametric design parameters that influence environmental ergonomics and sustainability. Sustainability, 15(7), 6304. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076304
  • Lowke, D., Dini, E., Perrot, A., Weger, D., Gehlen, C., & Dillenburger, B. (2018). Particle-bed 3D printing in concrete construction–possibilities and challenges. Cement and Concrete Research, 112, 50-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.018
  • Lyons, M., Schilderman, T., & Boano, C. (Eds.). (2010). Building back better: Delivering people-centred housing reconstruction at scale. Practical Action Publishing.
  • Masozera, M., Bailey, M., & Kerchner, C. (2007). Distribution of impacts of natural disasters across income groups: A case study of New Orleans. Ecological Economics, 63(2-3), 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.06.013
  • Montalbano, G., & Santi, G. (2023). Sustainability of temporary housing in post-disaster scenarios: A Requirement-based design strategy. Buildings, 13(12), 2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122952 Murphy, R. R. (2015). Disaster robotics. MIT Press.
  • Muruzina, E., & Zonina, S. (2020). Composite materials in building structures using 3D technology. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 962(2), 022017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/962/2/022017
  • Müller, C., & ElZomor, M. (2024). Post-Disaster Challenges and Fostering Social Mobility through Origami Infrastructure and Construction Trade Education. Sustainability, 16(8), 3415. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083415
  • Oliver-Smith, A. (1991). Successes and failures in post-disaster resettlement. Disasters, 15(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00423.x
  • Omoraka, A. E., Temitope Egbelakin, T., & Kanjanabootra, S. (2025). Strategies for mitigating the challenges of post-disaster reconstruction. In Proceedings of the CIB World Building Congress. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1518&context=cib-conferences
  • Ophiyandri, T., Amaratunga, R.D., & Pathirage, C.P. (2010, May 10-13). Community based post disaster housing reconstruction: Indonesian perspective. Proceeding of CIB World Congress. Salford, United Kingdom. https://salford-repository.worktribe.com/output/1461197/community-based-post-disaster-housing-reconstruction-indonesian-perspective
  • Panda, B., Paul, S. C., Hui, L. J., Tay, Y. W. D., & Tan, M. J. (2017). Additive manufacturing of geopolymer for sustainable built environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 167, 281–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.165
  • Partigöç, N.S. (2022). Afet Risk Yönetiminde Yapay Zekâ Kullanımının Rolü. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 15(4), 401-411. https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.1067831
  • Pei, S., Popovski, M., & van de Lindt, J. W. (2013). Analytical study on seismic force modification factors for cross-laminated timber buildings. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 40(9): 887-896. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0021
  • Perrot, A., Jacquet, Y., Rangeard, D., Courteille, E., & Sonebi, M. (2020). Nailing of layers: A promising way to reinforce concrete 3D printing structures. Materials, 13(7), 1518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071518
  • Petric, J., Maver, T.W., Conti, G., & Ucelli, G. (2002). Virtual reality in the service of user participation. Distributing knowledge in building. In K. Agger et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of CIB W78 Conference (pp. 217-224), Aarhus, Denmark.
  • Puri, A., Elkharboutly, M., & Ali, N. A. (2024). Identifying major challenges in managing post-disaster reconstruction projects: A critical analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 107, 104491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104491
  • Rapoport, A. (1969). House form and culture. Prentice-Hall.
  • Quarantelli, E. L. (1995). Patterns of sheltering and housing in US disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 4(3), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653569510088069
  • Sanders, E. (2002). From user-centered to participatory design approaches. In J. Frascara (Ed.), Design and the social sciences: Making connections (pp. 1–8). Taylor & Francis.
  • Saunders, G. (2004). Dilemmas and challenges for the shelter sector: Lessons learned from the sphere revision process. Disasters, 28(2), 160–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2004.00250.x
  • Schilderman, T., & Lyons, M. (2011). Resilient dwellings or resilient people? Towards people-centered reconstruction. Environmental Hazards, 10(3–4), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2011.598497
  • Song, G., Sethi, V., & Li, H. N. (2006). Vibration control of civil structures using piezoceramic smart materials: A review. Engineering Structures, 28(11), 1513–1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.02.002
  • Subramanya, K., & Kermanshachi, S. (2022). Exploring utilization of 3D printed housing as post-disaster temporary shelter for displaced people. Proceedings of the ASCE International Conference on Construction Research.
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  • The George Washington University, Energy & Environmental Institute. (2021). Energy resilience, smart communities. https://eemi.engineering.gwu.edu/energy-resilience-smart-communities
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  • TOKİ. (t.y.). Afet Konutları. 28 Eylül 2025 tarihinde https://www.toki.gov.tr/afet-konutlari adresinden alınmıştır.
  • TOKİ Haber. (2020, Kasım 17). İzmir’de konteyner kurulumu devam ediyor. 15 Şubat 2025 tarihinde https://www.tokihaber.com.tr/haberler/izmirde-konteyner-kurulumu-devam-ediyor/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Torus, B., & Şener, S. M. (2015). Post-disaster shelter design and CPODS. ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 12(1), 269–282.
  • TRT Haber. (2023, Mart 2). AFAD, 11 ildeki 332 noktada çadır kent kurdu. 15 Şubat 2025 tarihinde https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/afad-11-ildeki-332-noktada-cadir-kent-kurdu-750163.html adresinden alınmıştır.
  • University of Wisconsin–Extension, Economic Development. (2022). Energy resilience – community economic development. https://economicdevelopment.extension.wisc.edu/community-resilience-menu/explore-our-menus/energy-efficiency-menu/energy-resilience
  • UN-Habitat. (2010). Shelter after disaster: Strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2014/01/shelterafterdisasterguidelines2010_0.pdf
  • Vale, L. J., & Campanella, T. J. (2005). The resilient city: How modern cities recover from disaster. Oxford University Press.
  • Wang, X., Li, W., Guo, Y., Kashani, A., Wang, K., Ferrara, L., & Agudelo, I. (2024). Concrete 3D printing technology for sustainable construction: A review on raw material, concrete type and performance. Developments in the Built Environment, 17, 100378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100378
  • Wille, K., Naaman, A., & Parra-Montesinos, G. (2011). Ultra-high performance concrete with compressive strength exceeding 150 MPa (22 ksi): A simpler way. ACI Materials Journal, 108(1). 46-54.
  • Xiao, Y., & Mostafavi, A. (2025). DamageCAT: A deep learning transformer framework for typology-based post-disaster building damage categorization. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 128, 105704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105704
  • Zavaleta, D., Quispe,A., Rojas, O., Silva, G., Kim,S., Nakamatsu,J., Ruiz, G., Pando, M.A., & Aguilar, R. (2025). 3D-printing of a basic housing unit prototype using earthen-based matrices stabilized with rice husk fibers. Journal of Building Engineering, 103,112111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112111
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Afet Yardım Mimarisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Duygu Kurtoğlu 0000-0002-4473-0991

Ali Mehdizade 0009-0006-7127-4932

Sertan Bakar 0000-0002-7566-6857

Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 22 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kurtoğlu, D., Mehdizade, A., & Bakar, S. (2025). Afet Sonrası Yapılanmada Konvansiyonel ve İleri Teknolojilerin Karşılaştırılması. Modular Journal, 8(2), 587-611. https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1700238