Abstract
The study aims to examine the tree-structure relationship based on the literature, determine the damages tree roots can cause to the structures, and suggest potential solutions. As a result of the literature review, we examined the following topics in this study: The structure of tree roots, the effects of tree roots on the soil, the risks that trees might create in structures, the methods for minimizing these risks, and finally the criteria to be taken into account when selecting the plant species nearby buildings. As a result of the literature review, we conclude that if the plant species selected are incompatible with the area, the structures might be damaged. Accordingly, we suggest potential solutions to prevent this damage. Furthermore, we examine factors to be considered when selecting plant species and the species we recommend not to prefer. Lastly, we explain the GPR technology used to observe tree root growth and prevent damage.
Thanks
The article complies with national and international research and publication ethics. Ethics Committee Approval was not required for the study.
References
- Anonymous. (2023). Put a stop to root damage with root barrier. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://www.outdoordesign.com.au/news-info/put-a-stop-to-root-damage-with-root barrier/9637.htm
- Bernatzky, A. (1984). Grünplanung für unsere Umwelt. Deutscher Fachschriften- Verlag Braund Gmbh und Co. KG. Wiesbaden.
- Brennan, G., Patch, D. & Stevens, F.R.W. (1997) Tree Roots and Underground Pipes - Arboriculture Research Note. Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service.
- CNT Foundations. (2020). Trees and tree roots. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://www.yourfoundationexperts.com/foundation-repair/what-causes-foundation-problems/trees-and- tree-roots/.
- Coder, K. (1998). Root growth control: Managing perceptions and realities. Neely, D. & Watson, G. W. (Eds.). The Landscape below Ground II: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. 51-81.
- Design Council. (1976). Street Scene. Design Council, James Townsend and Sons Ltd., U.K.
- Eis, S. (1970). Root-growth relationship of juvenile White spruce, Alpine fir, and Lodgepole pine on three soils in the interior of British Columbia. Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Canadian Forestry Service, Ottawa, Catalogue No. Fo. 47–1276, p 14.
- Gasson, P. E. & Cutler, D. F. (1998). Can we live with trees in our towns and cities?. Arboricultural Journal, 22:1, 1-9.
- Hamilton, D. (1984). Sidewalk/curb-breaking tree roots 2. Management to minimize existing pavement problems by tree roots. Arboricultural Journal, 8. 223–233.
- Mattheck, C., Tesari, I. & Bethge, K. (2003). Roots and buildings. Institute for Materials Research 11, 751-760.
- McLean, S. (2009). Tree root damage to domestic property: A building surveyor's perspective, Arboricultural Journal, 32:4, 243-252.
- Mercer, G., Reeves, A. & O'Callaghan, D. (2011). The relationship between trees, distance to buildings and subsidence events on shrinkable clay soil. Arboricultural Journal, 33:4, 229-245.
- Morgenroth, J. (2008). A review of root barrier research. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 34(2), 84–88. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.011
- NHBC Standards. (2023). Building near trees. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://nhbc-standards.co.uk/4- foundations/4-2-building-near-trees/4-2-15-further-information/
- Randrup, T. B., McPherson, E. G. and Costello, L. R. (2001) 'Tree root intrusion in sewer systems: Review of extent and costs', Journal of infrastructure systems, 7(1), pp. 26-31. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2001)7:1(26).
- Şahin, Ş. (1989). Ankara Kenti Yol Ağaçlarının Sorunları ve Peyzaj Mimarlığı Açısından Alınması Gerekli Önlemler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi.
- Satriani, A., Loperte, A., Proto, M. & Bavusi, M. (2010). Building damage caused by tree roots: laboratory experiments of GPR and ERT surveys. Advances in Geosciences, 24, 133–137.
- Schrock, B. J. (1994) Existing sewer evaluation and rehabilitation. ASCE Manual and Report on Engineering Practice.
- Stover, D. B., Day, F. P., Butnor, J. R. & Drake, B. G. (2007). Effect of elevated CO2 on coarse-root biomass in Florida scrub detected by ground-penetrating radar. Ecology, 88(5), 1328–1334. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0989.
- Sueur, L. (1949). The Care and Repair of Ornamental Trees. Jarrold and Sons, Ltd., The Empire Press, Norwich.
- Sullivan, R. H., Gemmell, R. S., Schafer, L. A. & Hurst, W.D. (1977). Economic analysis, root control, and backwater flow control as related to infiltration/inflow control.
- The Morton Arboretum. (2023). Tree Root Problems. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://mortonarb.org/plant- and-protect/tree-plant-care/plant-care-resources/tree-root-problems/#roots-and-foundations
- Watson, G., Hewitt, A., Custic, M. & Lo, M. (2014). The management of tree root systems in urban and suburban settings: a review of soil influence on root growth. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 40(4).
- Yakar Tan, B. & Bilge, E. (1979). Genel Botanik. İ.Ü. Yayınları, Sayı: 2668, Fen Fakültesi No :150, İstanbul.
- Zion, R. L. (1968). Trees for architecture and the landscape. Reinhold Company. New York.
- 911HVAC. (2019). Tree root damage. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://www.911hvac.com/plumbing-and- hvac-blog/tree-root-damage
Abstract
Çalışmanın amacı ağaç-yapı ilişkisini literatüre dayalı irdeleyerek ağaç köklerinin yapılara verebileceği zararları saptamak ve potansiyel çözümler önermektir. Literatür incelemesi sonucunda, bu çalışmada; ağaç kök yapısı, ağaç köklerinin toprağa etkileri, ağaçların yapılarda yaratabilecekleri riskler, anılan risklerin en aza indirgenmesi için kullanılabilecek yöntemler ve son olarak da bitki tür seçiminde dikkate alınması gereken kıstaslar irdelenmiştir. Literatür incelemesi sonucunda seçilen bitki türlerinin alan ile uyumlu olmaması durumunda yapılarda hasar meydana gelebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ardından, çalışmanın sonuç ve öneriler kısmında bu hasarın meydana gelmemesi için potansiyel çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir. Anılan çözüm önerilerine ek olarak, bitki türü seçiminde dikkate alınması gereken faktörlere değinilmiş ve yapılarda hasar oluşturabileceğinden seçilmemesini önerdiğimiz bitki türlerine (her türe özgü açıklamalarla) yer verilmiştir. Sonuç ve öneriler kısmının son başlığında ise ağaç kök gelişiminin gözlemlenmesi ile hasarı önlemede kullanılan bir teknoloji olan yeraltı radarı (GPR) teknolojine değinilmiştir.
References
- Anonymous. (2023). Put a stop to root damage with root barrier. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://www.outdoordesign.com.au/news-info/put-a-stop-to-root-damage-with-root barrier/9637.htm
- Bernatzky, A. (1984). Grünplanung für unsere Umwelt. Deutscher Fachschriften- Verlag Braund Gmbh und Co. KG. Wiesbaden.
- Brennan, G., Patch, D. & Stevens, F.R.W. (1997) Tree Roots and Underground Pipes - Arboriculture Research Note. Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service.
- CNT Foundations. (2020). Trees and tree roots. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://www.yourfoundationexperts.com/foundation-repair/what-causes-foundation-problems/trees-and- tree-roots/.
- Coder, K. (1998). Root growth control: Managing perceptions and realities. Neely, D. & Watson, G. W. (Eds.). The Landscape below Ground II: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. 51-81.
- Design Council. (1976). Street Scene. Design Council, James Townsend and Sons Ltd., U.K.
- Eis, S. (1970). Root-growth relationship of juvenile White spruce, Alpine fir, and Lodgepole pine on three soils in the interior of British Columbia. Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Canadian Forestry Service, Ottawa, Catalogue No. Fo. 47–1276, p 14.
- Gasson, P. E. & Cutler, D. F. (1998). Can we live with trees in our towns and cities?. Arboricultural Journal, 22:1, 1-9.
- Hamilton, D. (1984). Sidewalk/curb-breaking tree roots 2. Management to minimize existing pavement problems by tree roots. Arboricultural Journal, 8. 223–233.
- Mattheck, C., Tesari, I. & Bethge, K. (2003). Roots and buildings. Institute for Materials Research 11, 751-760.
- McLean, S. (2009). Tree root damage to domestic property: A building surveyor's perspective, Arboricultural Journal, 32:4, 243-252.
- Mercer, G., Reeves, A. & O'Callaghan, D. (2011). The relationship between trees, distance to buildings and subsidence events on shrinkable clay soil. Arboricultural Journal, 33:4, 229-245.
- Morgenroth, J. (2008). A review of root barrier research. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 34(2), 84–88. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.011
- NHBC Standards. (2023). Building near trees. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://nhbc-standards.co.uk/4- foundations/4-2-building-near-trees/4-2-15-further-information/
- Randrup, T. B., McPherson, E. G. and Costello, L. R. (2001) 'Tree root intrusion in sewer systems: Review of extent and costs', Journal of infrastructure systems, 7(1), pp. 26-31. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2001)7:1(26).
- Şahin, Ş. (1989). Ankara Kenti Yol Ağaçlarının Sorunları ve Peyzaj Mimarlığı Açısından Alınması Gerekli Önlemler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi.
- Satriani, A., Loperte, A., Proto, M. & Bavusi, M. (2010). Building damage caused by tree roots: laboratory experiments of GPR and ERT surveys. Advances in Geosciences, 24, 133–137.
- Schrock, B. J. (1994) Existing sewer evaluation and rehabilitation. ASCE Manual and Report on Engineering Practice.
- Stover, D. B., Day, F. P., Butnor, J. R. & Drake, B. G. (2007). Effect of elevated CO2 on coarse-root biomass in Florida scrub detected by ground-penetrating radar. Ecology, 88(5), 1328–1334. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0989.
- Sueur, L. (1949). The Care and Repair of Ornamental Trees. Jarrold and Sons, Ltd., The Empire Press, Norwich.
- Sullivan, R. H., Gemmell, R. S., Schafer, L. A. & Hurst, W.D. (1977). Economic analysis, root control, and backwater flow control as related to infiltration/inflow control.
- The Morton Arboretum. (2023). Tree Root Problems. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://mortonarb.org/plant- and-protect/tree-plant-care/plant-care-resources/tree-root-problems/#roots-and-foundations
- Watson, G., Hewitt, A., Custic, M. & Lo, M. (2014). The management of tree root systems in urban and suburban settings: a review of soil influence on root growth. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 40(4).
- Yakar Tan, B. & Bilge, E. (1979). Genel Botanik. İ.Ü. Yayınları, Sayı: 2668, Fen Fakültesi No :150, İstanbul.
- Zion, R. L. (1968). Trees for architecture and the landscape. Reinhold Company. New York.
- 911HVAC. (2019). Tree root damage. Access Address (21.11.2023): https://www.911hvac.com/plumbing-and- hvac-blog/tree-root-damage
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Landscape Planning |
| Journal Section | Review Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 26, 2023 |
| Submission Date | July 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: Special Issue |
