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Reading the Concept of User in Design Through Latour’s Black Box

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1-2, 225 - 242, 28.12.2024

Zeynep Acırlı , Ozge Kandemir , Celal Murat Kandemir

https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1586972

Abstract

Individual characteristics and behavioural patterns shape the interaction between design and the user, making the designer's encounter with the user an active, fluid, and uncertain experience. However, designers' subconscious decision-making processes about users tend to reveal routinized knowledge. As the concept of the user, which should ideally be transparent and comprehensible to designers, gains emphasis in design, it paradoxically becomes more opaque. This study evaluates user knowledge through Latour’s concept of "black boxing." Latour's concept of "black boxing" denotes the reliance on knowledge without questioning, its placement within a figurative box, its obscurity, and its immutability. The study examines the concepts of the user, usability, user-centered design, user experience, and lean user experience, analyzing their interrelationships. It suggests that by uncovering these insights, we might create openings within the black box that contains the concept of the user, allowing for a more dynamic understanding.

Keywords

User Concept Black Boxing Act of Design

References

  • Acırlı, Z. ve Kandemir, Ö. (2020). Tasarım kavramında değişen insan faktörü ve değişen kapsayıcı tasarım yaklaşımları. IDA: International Design and Art Journal, 2(2), 193-211.
  • Ahmed, S. (2019). What’s the use? On the uses of use. Duke University Press.
  • Ashworth, T. L. (2022). Improving ideation of user actions using a novel ideation method (Publication No. 9718). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Brigham Young Üniversitesi]. BYU Scholars Archive.
  • Chaveza, R. A., & Colin, M. L. (2015). Designer’s education to user’s definition process. 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2015), Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 6001–6004.
  • Colomina, B., & Wigley, M. (2016). Are we human? Notes on an archaeology of design. Lars Müller Publishers.
  • Courage, C., & Baxter, K. (2005). Understanding your users: A practical guide to user requirements methods, tools, and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Davies, N., & Jokiniemi, E. (2010). Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Routledge.
  • Dejean, P. H., & Wagstaff, P. (2012). Users/consumers differences regarding ergonomics and design theory and practice. Work, 41, 3641–3645.
  • Forlizzi, J., & Ford, S. (2000). The building blocks of experience: An early framework for interaction designers. In D. Boyarski & W. A. Kellogg (Eds.), Processes, practices, methods, and techniques: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (s. 419–423). ACM.
  • Forlizzi, J., & Battarbee, K. (2004). Understanding experience in interactive systems. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS 04): Processes, practices, methods, and techniques (s. 261–268). Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Garrett, J. J. (2010). The elements of user experience: User-centered design for the web and beyond. Pearson Education.
  • Goodman, E., Kuniavsky, M., & Moed, A. (2012). Observing the user experience: A practitioner’s guide to user research. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Gothelf, J., & Seiden, J. (2013). Lean UX: Applying lean principles to improve user experience. O'Reilly Media.
  • Green, W., Dunn, G., & Hoonhout, J. (2008). Developing the scale adoption framework for evaluation (SAFE). In Proceedings of the 2008 Design Conference (s. 49–55).
  • Hassenzahl, M., & Tractinsky, N. (2006). User experience – A research agenda. Behavior & Information Technology, 25(2), 91–97.
  • Klein, L. (2013). UX for lean startups: Faster, smarter user experience research and design. O’Reilly Media.
  • Koskinen, I., & Battarbee, K. (2003). Introduction to user experience and empathic design. In I. Koskinen, K. Battarbee, & T. Mattelmäki (Eds.), Empathic design: User experience for product design (s. 37–50). IT Press.
  • Kramer, K.-L. (2012). User experience in the age of sustainability: A practitioner’s blueprint. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Latour, B. (1988). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Harvard University Press.
  • Latour, B. (1999). Pandora's hope: Essays on the reality of science studies. Harvard University Press.
  • Martin, B., & Hanington, B. (2012). Universal methods of design: 100 ways to research complex problems, develop innovative ideas, and design effective solutions. Rockport Publishers.
  • Mayring, P. (2000). Nitel araştırmaya giriş (A. Gümüş ve M. S. Durgun, Çev.). Baki Kitabevi.
  • McGinley, C., & Dong, H. (2011). Designing with information and empathy: Delivering human information to designers. The Design Journal, 14(2), 187–206.
  • Moore, J. (2018). Ship it: Silicon Valley product managers reveal all. Product School.
  • Nemeth, C. (2004). Human factors methods for design: Making systems human-centered. CRC Press.
  • Nielsen, J. (2010). Defining usability. In C. Wilson (Ed.), User experience re-mastered: Your guide to getting the right design (s. 3–22). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Oygur, I., & McCoy, J. M. (2011). User: Inspiration or constraint? Journal of Interior Design, 36(3), 1–13.
  • Parent, M. (2022). The lean innovation cycle: A multi-disciplinary framework for designing value with lean and human-centered design. Routledge.
  • Santos, M. L. B. (2022). The “so-called” UGC: An updated definition of user-generated content in the age of social media. Online Information Review, 46(1), 95–113.
  • Savarit, E. (2020). Practical user research: Everything you need to know to integrate user research to your product development. Apress.
  • Sharon, T. (2012). It’s our research: Getting stakeholder buy-in for user experience research projects. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Sinclair, M. (2015). Connoisseurship as a substitute for user research? The case of the Swiss watch industry. Journal of Research Practice, 11(2), M11.
  • Stolz, J. (2016). Opening the black box: How the study of social mechanisms can benefit from the use of explanatory mixed methods. Analyse & Kritik, 38(1), 257–285.
  • Suri, J. F., & Marsh, M. (2000). Scenario building as an ergonomics method in consumer product design. Applied Ergonomics, 31(2), 151–157.
  • Ural, A. G. (2022). İç mekân tasarımında Foucault yöntemlerini kullanarak heterotopya arayışında yeniden işlevlendirilen yapılar: Kadıköy bölgesi örneği (Yayın No. 771941). [Doktora tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi].
  • Von Hippel, E. (2005). Democratizing innovation. MIT Press.
  • Wichham, G. ve Kendall, G. (2016). Foucault'un yöntemlerini kullanmak. (Çev. U. Kara ve T. Sivrikaya). Islık Yayınları.
  • Wilkinson, C. R., Walters, A., & Evans, J. (2016). Creating and testing a model-driven framework for accessible user-centric design. The Design Journal, 19(1), 69–91.
  • Wilson, C. (2010). User experience re-mastered: Your guide to getting the right design. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Tasarımda Kullanıcı Kavramını Latour’un Kara Kutusu Üzerinden Okumak

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1-2, 225 - 242, 28.12.2024

Zeynep Acırlı , Ozge Kandemir , Celal Murat Kandemir

https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1586972

Abstract

Tasarım-kullanıcı etkileşimi her bir bireyin sahip olduğu özellikler ve davranış kalıpları ile şekil almaktadır. Bu noktada tasarımcının kullanıcı ile karşılaşma deneyimi aktif, akışkan ve belirsiz bir nitelik taşımaktadır. Oysaki tasarımcıların kullanıcılara yönelik bilinçaltı karar verme süreçleri rutinleşen bilgileri ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Tasarımcılar için şeffaf ve anlaşılır bir nitelik taşıması gereken kullanıcı kavramının, tasarımdaki vurgusu arttıkça opaklaşmaktadır. Ele alınan çalışmada kullanıcı bilgisi Latour’un ortaya koyduğu kara kutulama kavramı üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir. Kara kutulama “sorgulamadan bel bağlanılan, bir kutu içerisine yerleştirilerek karartılan, değişmez hale gelen” bilgileri ifade etmektedir. Ele alınan çalışmada kullanıcı, kullanılabilirlik, kullanıcı odaklı tasarım, kullanıcı deneyimi ve yalın kullanıcı deneyimi kavramları irdelenmiş, kavramların birbiri ile ilişkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Açığa çıkarılan veriler ile kullanıcı kavramının, konulduğu kara kutuda nefes alabileceği açıklıklar yaratılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Kullanıcı Kavramı Kara Kutulama Tasarlama Eylemi

References

  • Acırlı, Z. ve Kandemir, Ö. (2020). Tasarım kavramında değişen insan faktörü ve değişen kapsayıcı tasarım yaklaşımları. IDA: International Design and Art Journal, 2(2), 193-211.
  • Ahmed, S. (2019). What’s the use? On the uses of use. Duke University Press.
  • Ashworth, T. L. (2022). Improving ideation of user actions using a novel ideation method (Publication No. 9718). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Brigham Young Üniversitesi]. BYU Scholars Archive.
  • Chaveza, R. A., & Colin, M. L. (2015). Designer’s education to user’s definition process. 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2015), Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 6001–6004.
  • Colomina, B., & Wigley, M. (2016). Are we human? Notes on an archaeology of design. Lars Müller Publishers.
  • Courage, C., & Baxter, K. (2005). Understanding your users: A practical guide to user requirements methods, tools, and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Davies, N., & Jokiniemi, E. (2010). Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Routledge.
  • Dejean, P. H., & Wagstaff, P. (2012). Users/consumers differences regarding ergonomics and design theory and practice. Work, 41, 3641–3645.
  • Forlizzi, J., & Ford, S. (2000). The building blocks of experience: An early framework for interaction designers. In D. Boyarski & W. A. Kellogg (Eds.), Processes, practices, methods, and techniques: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (s. 419–423). ACM.
  • Forlizzi, J., & Battarbee, K. (2004). Understanding experience in interactive systems. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS 04): Processes, practices, methods, and techniques (s. 261–268). Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Garrett, J. J. (2010). The elements of user experience: User-centered design for the web and beyond. Pearson Education.
  • Goodman, E., Kuniavsky, M., & Moed, A. (2012). Observing the user experience: A practitioner’s guide to user research. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Gothelf, J., & Seiden, J. (2013). Lean UX: Applying lean principles to improve user experience. O'Reilly Media.
  • Green, W., Dunn, G., & Hoonhout, J. (2008). Developing the scale adoption framework for evaluation (SAFE). In Proceedings of the 2008 Design Conference (s. 49–55).
  • Hassenzahl, M., & Tractinsky, N. (2006). User experience – A research agenda. Behavior & Information Technology, 25(2), 91–97.
  • Klein, L. (2013). UX for lean startups: Faster, smarter user experience research and design. O’Reilly Media.
  • Koskinen, I., & Battarbee, K. (2003). Introduction to user experience and empathic design. In I. Koskinen, K. Battarbee, & T. Mattelmäki (Eds.), Empathic design: User experience for product design (s. 37–50). IT Press.
  • Kramer, K.-L. (2012). User experience in the age of sustainability: A practitioner’s blueprint. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Latour, B. (1988). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Harvard University Press.
  • Latour, B. (1999). Pandora's hope: Essays on the reality of science studies. Harvard University Press.
  • Martin, B., & Hanington, B. (2012). Universal methods of design: 100 ways to research complex problems, develop innovative ideas, and design effective solutions. Rockport Publishers.
  • Mayring, P. (2000). Nitel araştırmaya giriş (A. Gümüş ve M. S. Durgun, Çev.). Baki Kitabevi.
  • McGinley, C., & Dong, H. (2011). Designing with information and empathy: Delivering human information to designers. The Design Journal, 14(2), 187–206.
  • Moore, J. (2018). Ship it: Silicon Valley product managers reveal all. Product School.
  • Nemeth, C. (2004). Human factors methods for design: Making systems human-centered. CRC Press.
  • Nielsen, J. (2010). Defining usability. In C. Wilson (Ed.), User experience re-mastered: Your guide to getting the right design (s. 3–22). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Oygur, I., & McCoy, J. M. (2011). User: Inspiration or constraint? Journal of Interior Design, 36(3), 1–13.
  • Parent, M. (2022). The lean innovation cycle: A multi-disciplinary framework for designing value with lean and human-centered design. Routledge.
  • Santos, M. L. B. (2022). The “so-called” UGC: An updated definition of user-generated content in the age of social media. Online Information Review, 46(1), 95–113.
  • Savarit, E. (2020). Practical user research: Everything you need to know to integrate user research to your product development. Apress.
  • Sharon, T. (2012). It’s our research: Getting stakeholder buy-in for user experience research projects. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Sinclair, M. (2015). Connoisseurship as a substitute for user research? The case of the Swiss watch industry. Journal of Research Practice, 11(2), M11.
  • Stolz, J. (2016). Opening the black box: How the study of social mechanisms can benefit from the use of explanatory mixed methods. Analyse & Kritik, 38(1), 257–285.
  • Suri, J. F., & Marsh, M. (2000). Scenario building as an ergonomics method in consumer product design. Applied Ergonomics, 31(2), 151–157.
  • Ural, A. G. (2022). İç mekân tasarımında Foucault yöntemlerini kullanarak heterotopya arayışında yeniden işlevlendirilen yapılar: Kadıköy bölgesi örneği (Yayın No. 771941). [Doktora tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi].
  • Von Hippel, E. (2005). Democratizing innovation. MIT Press.
  • Wichham, G. ve Kendall, G. (2016). Foucault'un yöntemlerini kullanmak. (Çev. U. Kara ve T. Sivrikaya). Islık Yayınları.
  • Wilkinson, C. R., Walters, A., & Evans, J. (2016). Creating and testing a model-driven framework for accessible user-centric design. The Design Journal, 19(1), 69–91.
  • Wilson, C. (2010). User experience re-mastered: Your guide to getting the right design. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Interior Architecture
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Zeynep Acırlı 0009-0005-8707-0187

Ozge Kandemir 0000-0001-7999-5845

Celal Murat Kandemir 0000-0001-8559-7667

Publication Date December 28, 2024
Submission Date November 17, 2024
Acceptance Date December 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1-2

Cite

APA Acırlı, Z., Kandemir, O., & Kandemir, C. M. (2024). Tasarımda Kullanıcı Kavramını Latour’un Kara Kutusu Üzerinden Okumak. Modular Journal, 7(1-2), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1586972
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