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Türkiye’de Artan Konut İhtiyacı ve Konut Sorununun Dinamikleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 133 - 158, 05.02.2023

Simge Kutsal Çiğdem Polatoğlu

Öz

Barınma, doğal tehlikeler, hastalık, kişisel ve çevresel güvenlik gibi hayatta kalmaya yönelik ihtiyaçlara ve dayanıklılık oluşturma, normal yaşam sürme, mahremiyet, istikrar gibi sağlıklı birey olmanın özelliklerine cevap verebilen en ilkel gereklilikten bir tanesidir. Barınma koşullarının hanehalklarının istihdamını, refahını, eğitim durumunu, sosyal istikrarlarını, çocuk ve gençlerin başarısını etkilemedeki doğrudan etkisi, konutu disiplinler arası konumda sorun olarak daima merkeze yerleştirmiştir. 20. Yüzyıldan itibaren konut sorununun evrensel olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Dünyada konut sorununun başlıca nedeni kentlerdeki hızlıca artan barınma ihtiyacıdır. Türkiye özelinde ise sorun, arz-talep dengesizliği gibi niceliksel; üretilen konutların standartı, altyapıya erişimi ve çevresel özellikleri gibi niteliksel olmak üzere iki yönlü ilerlemiştir. Yakın tarihe kadar konut üretimindeki yetersizlik sorunu oluştururken, bugün konut krizinin merkezinde konut inşa etme ve işletme maliyetlerinin kullanıcıların karşılayabileceğinden fazla olduğu gerçeği yatmaktadır. Çalışma Türkiye’deki barınma ihtiyacının temel belirleyicilerini ortaya koyarak konut sorununa neden olan etmenlere odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen literatür betimsel olarak analiz edilerek konut sorununun ortaya çıkışındaki temel etmenler sosyal, doğal, ekonomik ve politik olmak üzere dört grupta toplanmıştır. Grupların her biri nüfus artışı, kentleşme ve beklenmedik nüfus hareketleri; coğrafi konum ve doğal afetler; yeni yoksulluk, mevcut konut stokunun eskimesi ve verimsiz konut yatırımları; illegal konut üretimi, ıslahı ve tasfiyesi gibi alt belirleyicilerle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın günümüzün konut talebine yönelik dinamikleri ortaya çıkarması, küresel konut krizi hakkında farkındalık yaratması ve geleceğin konut sunma biçimlerinin yönünü belirlemede katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

barınma konut sorunu konut dinamikleri kentleşme sosyal etmenler

Kaynakça

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  • United Nations. (2018). World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision (ST/ESA/SER.A/420). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics. https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf
  • United Nations. (2020). First-ever united nations resolution on homelessness. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Social Inclusion. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2020/03/resolution-homelessness/#:~:text=Globally%2C 1.6 billion people worldwide,highest risk of becoming homeless.
  • United Nations. (2022). Türkiye: Grow rate. World Population Prospects 2022. https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/Probabilistic/POP/GrowthRate/792
  • Usanmaz, D. (2021). Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin Türkiye’de konut sektörü üzerine etkileri. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 1352-1365.https://dergipark.org.tar/tr/pub/nevsosbilen/issue/65184/983406
  • Vagnby, B., & Jensen, O. B. (2002). From slum clearance to urban policy: Discourses and doctrines in Danish inner-city redevelopment. Housing, Theory and Society, 19(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/140360902317417895
  • van Doorn, L., Arnold, A., & Rapoport, E. (2019). In the aAge of cities: the impact of urbanisation on house prices and affordability. R. Nijskens, M. Lohuis, P. Hilbers, & W. Heeringa (Ed.), Hot property: The housing market in major cities içinde (ss. 3-13). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11674-3_1
  • Wetzstein, S. (2017). The global urban housing affordability crisis. Urban Studies, 54(14), 3159-3177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017711649
  • Woetzel, J., Ram, S., Mischke, J., Garemo, N., & Sankhe, S. (2014, Ekim). A blueprint for addressing the global affordable housing challenge. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/urbanization/tackling the worlds affordable housing challenge/mgi_affordable_housing_executive summary_october 2014.ashx
  • World Population Review. (2022). Turkey population 2022. https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/turkey-population (Erişim tarihi: 11 Eylül 2022)
  • Yavuz, S., & Yüceşahin, M. M. (2012). Türkiye’de hanehalkı kompozisyonlarında değişimler ve bölgesel farklılaşmalar. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(1), 75-118. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sosars/issue/11399/136116
  • Yıldırım, F. (2013). Türkiye’de ikamet amaçlı konut pazarının makroekonomik değişkenler ile ilişkisi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 2(1), 12-18. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ssrj/issue/22493/240520
  • Yılmaz, C. (2021, Aralık 23). Türkiye gelir dağılımında dünyanın en eşitsiz ülkelerinden. doğrulukpayı. https://www.dogrulukpayi.com/bulten/turkiye-gelir-dagilimda-dunyanin-en-esitsiz-ulkelerinden-biri?gclid=CjwKCAjwsfuYBhAZEiwA5a6CDEuHN0zFXkRmqhKXjV2k1vf3C17QLnbTrJiuREobVU4aUfu-8F9gXxoCKQEQAvD_BwE
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Toplam 111 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kentsel Politika
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Simge Kutsal 0000-0002-5066-3959

Çiğdem Polatoğlu 0000-0002-9102-4969

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Şubat 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kutsal, S., & Polatoğlu, Ç. (2023). Türkiye’de Artan Konut İhtiyacı ve Konut Sorununun Dinamikleri. Topkapı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 133-158.
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