Araştırma Makalesi
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Kentsel Parklara İlişkin Memnuniyet Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi: Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 38 - 51, 20.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1061763

Öz

Kentsel parklar, kentin çevresini iyileştirmek ve kullanıcının psikolojik ve fiziksel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için önemlidir. Açık alanlarda yapılan ve yürütülen etkinlikler yaşam kalitesini artıran kentsel çevre faktörlerindendir. Bununla birlikte, parklara erişim kolaylığı, parkların rahatlığı, güvenliği ve parklardaki olanaklar gibi faktörler, parklara ilişkin memnuniyet düzeylerini etkilemektedir. Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi, Eskişehir kentinde eğlence ve eğitim parkı olarak hizmet veren parklardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kent sakinlerinin kent parklarından memnuniyet düzeylerini, Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi örneğinde belirlemektir. Parktaki memnuniyet düzeyini ölçmek üzere kentsel alan kalite parametreleri ve bunların altında bir dizi gösterge kullanılmaktadır. Göstergeler üç ana başlığı kapsamaktadır: Farklı fiziksel aktivitelerin eğlence amaçlı kullanımı, güzellik, güvenlik ve erişim. Göstergelerin değerlendirilmesine yönelik olarak anket uygulanmış ve Önem-Performans Analizi (ÖPA) [Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA)] tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, tüm değerlendirme göstergelerinin IPA planının ilk çeyreğine girmesi için yüksek performans ve yüksek öneme sahip olduğunu ve böylece Millet Bahçesi'nde kullanıcı memnuniyetinin sağlandığını göstermektedir. Araştırma ile elde edilen sonuçların, yetkililere yeni parkların geliştirilmesi ve mevcut parkların iyileştirilmesi süreçlerinde önceliklerin belirlenmesi konusunda yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Addas, A., Maghrabi, A., & Goldblatt, R. (2021). Public open spaces evaluation using importance-performance analysis (IPA) in Saudi Universities: The case of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020915
  • Akpinar, A. (2016). How is quality of urban green spaces associated with physical activity and health? Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 16, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.01.011
  • Baloglu, S., & Love, C. (2003). Association Meeting Planners’ Perceived Performance of Las Vegas. Journal of Convention & Exhibition Management, 5(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1300/J143v05n01_02
  • Boyd, F., White, M. P., Bell, S. L., & Burt, J. (2018). Who doesn’t visit natural environments for recreation and why: A population representative analysis of spatial, individual and temporal factors among adults in England. Landscape and Urban Planning, 175(November 2017), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.03.016
  • Chiesura, A. (2004a). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
  • Chiesura, A. (2004b). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
  • Cohen, P., Potchter, O., & Schnell, I. (2014). The impact of an urban park on air pollution and noise levels in the Mediterranean city of Tel-Aviv, Israel. Environmental Pollution, 195, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.015
  • Davies, R. G., Barbosa, O., Fuller, R. A., Tratalos, J., Burke, N., Lewis, D., Warren, P. H., & Gaston, K. J. (2008). City-wide relationships between green spaces, urban land use and topography. In Urban Ecosystems (Vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 269–287). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-008-0062-y
  • Düzgüneş, E., & Saraç, E. (2018). Evaluation of urban transformation areas in terms of user satisfaction: the case study of Zağnos Valley (Trabzon/Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6381-9
  • Ferré, M. B., Guitart, A. O., & Ferret, M. P. (2006). Children and playgrounds in Mediterranean cities. Children’s Geographies, 4(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733280600806999
  • Geng, D. (Christina), Innes, J., Wu, W., & Wang, G. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on urban park visitation: a global analysis. Journal of Forestry Research, 32(2), 553–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01249-w
  • Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, A., & Öhrström, E. (2007). Noise and well-being in urban residential environments: The potential role of perceived availability to nearby green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 83(2–3), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.03.003
  • Gunnarsson, B., Knez, I., Hedblom, M., & Sang, O. (2017). Effects of biodiversity and environment-related attitude on perception of urban green space. Urban Ecosystems, 20(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0581-x
  • Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., & Gärling, T. (2003). Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00109-3
  • Hasani, M., Sakieh, Y., & Khammar, S. (2017). Measuring satisfaction: analyzing the relationships between sociocultural variables and functionality of urban recreational parks. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(6), 2577–2594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9856-x
  • Jo, H. I., & Jeon, J. Y. (2021). Overall environmental assessment in urban parks: Modelling audio-visual interaction with a structural equation model based on soundscape and landscape indices. Building and Environment, 204(May), 108166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108166
  • Kaczynski, A. T., & Henderson, K. A. (2007). Environmental correlates of physical activity: A review of evidence about parks and recreation. Leisure Sciences, 29(4), 315–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400701394865
  • Koca, S. (2020). Topografik Faktörlere Göre Yerleşimin Dağilişi Distribution of settlements in Eskişehir central districts ( Odunpazarı and Tepebaşı ). 29(2), 217–228.
  • Konijnendijk, C. C., Annerstedt, M., Nielsen, A. B., & Maruthaveeran, S. (2013). Benefits of Urban Parks — A systematic review. (Copenhagen & Alnarp: International Federation of Parks and Recreation Administration).
  • Koramaz, E. K., & Türkoğlu, H. (2018). Measuring and Understanding Urban Parks’ Contribution to Quality of Life in Istanbul. Social Indicators Research, 138(1), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1657-6
  • Kurniawati, W. (2012). Public Space for Marginal People. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36, 476–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.052
  • M, S., Taplin, D., & Scheld, S. (2009). Rethinking Urban Parks: Public Space and Cultural Diversity. University of Texas Press.
  • Maniruzzaman, K. M., Alqahtany, A., Abou-Korin, A., & Al-Shihri, F. S. (2021). An analysis of residents’ satisfaction with attributes of urban parks in Dammam city, Saudi Arabia. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(3), 3365–3374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.11.020
  • Martilla, J. A., & James, J. C. (1977). Importance-Performance Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224297704100112
  • McCormack, G. R., Rock, M., Swanson, K., Burton, L., & Massolo, A. (2014). Physical activity patterns in urban neighbourhood parks: Insights from a multiple case study. In BMC Public Health (Vol. 14, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-962
  • Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a city: urbanity, vitality and urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 3(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418
  • Neema, M. N., Maniruzzaman, K. M., & Ohgai, A. (2013). Greenery-based model of green urbanism for developing a sustainable healthy livable city - Dhaka city’s perspective. Proceedings of the 2013 13th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2013, 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSA.2013.43
  • Németh, J., & Langhorst, J. (2014). Rethinking urban transformation: Temporary uses for vacant land. Cities, 40, 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.04.007
  • Nielsen, T. S., & Hansen, K. B. (2007). Do green areas affect health? Results from a Danish survey on the use of green areas and health indicators. Health and Place, 13(4), 839–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.02.001
  • Oloumi, S., Mahdavinejad, M., & Namvarrad, A. (2012). Evaluation of Outdoor Environment from the Viewpoint of Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35(December 2011), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.108
  • Polat, S. (2021). The Evaluation of Public Open Space Quality from the Perspective of Syrian Refugees Living in Bursa , Turkey Shaza ALSALLOMY Bursa ’ da Yaşayan Suriyeli Göçmenler Açısından Kamusal Açık A lan Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. 1, 56–71.
  • Rey Gozalo, G., Barrigón Morillas, J. M., Montes González, D., & Atanasio Moraga, P. (2018). Relationships among satisfaction, noise perception, and use of urban green spaces. Science of the Total Environment, 624, 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.148
  • Schipperijn, J., Bentsen, P., Troelsen, J., Toftager, M., & Stigsdotter, U. K. (2013). Associations between physical activity and characteristics of urban green space. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 12(1), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2012.12.002
  • Shuib, K. B., Hashim, H., & Nasir, N. A. M. (2015). Community Participation Strategies in Planning for Urban Parks. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 168, 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.236
  • Syphard, A. D., Clarke, K. C., & Franklin, J. (2007). Simulating fire frequency and urban growth in southern California coastal shrublands, USA. In Landscape Ecology (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 431–445). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9025-y
  • Tzoulas, K., Korpela, K., Venn, S., Yli-Pelkonen, V., Kaźmierczak, A., Niemela, J., & James, P. (2007). Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure: A literature review. In Landscape and Urban Planning (Vol. 81, Issue 3, pp. 167–178). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001
  • Wan, C., Shen, G. Q., & Choi, S. (2020). Effects of physical and psychological factors on users’ attitudes, use patterns, and perceived benefits toward urban parks. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 51, 126691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126691
  • Wenzhong, Z. (2007). Study on Intrinsic Meanings of the Livable City and the Evaluation System of Livable City. Vol. 3, pp. 30–34.
  • Werner, P. (2011). The ecology of urban areas and their functions for species diversity. In Landscape and Ecological Engineering (Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 231–240). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-011-0153-4
  • Wojnowska-Heciak, M. (2019). The naturalness of the Vistula Riverbank’s landscape: Warsaw inhabitants’ perceptions. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11215957
  • Wojnowska-Heciak, M., Suchocka, M., Błaszczyk, M., & Muszyńska, M. (2022). Urban Parks as Perceived by City Residents with Mobility Difficulties: A Qualitative Study with In-Depth Interviews. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042018
  • Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough.’ Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017
  • Xu, Z., Gao, X., Wang, Z., & Fan, J. (2019). Big Data-Based Evaluation of Urban Parks: A Chinese Case Study. Sustainability, 11(7), 2125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072125
  • Yu, B., Che, S., Xie, C., & Tian, S. (2018). Understanding Shanghai residents’ perception of leisure impact and experience satisfaction of urban community parks: An integrated and IPA method. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041067
  • Zhang, T., & Gobster, P. H. (1998). Leisure preferences and open space needs in an urban Chinese American community. 15(4), 338–355.

Evaluation of Satisfaction Level Regarding Urban Parks: The Case of Eskisehir Millet Bahcesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 38 - 51, 20.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1061763

Öz

Urban parks are important for improving the city's environment and meeting the psychological and physical needs of the users. Activities carried out in open areas are among the urban environmental factors that increase the quality of life. However, factors such as the ease of access to the parks, the convenience and security of the parks and the facilities in the parks influence parks satisfaction levels. Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi is one of the parks serving as an amusement and education park in the city of Eskişehir. The aim of this study is to determine the satisfaction levels of city residents from city parks in the case of Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi. Urban area quality parameters and a group of indicators are used to measure the level of satisfaction in the park. The indicators cover three main topics: comfort; use of different physical activities, aesthetics, safety and access. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the indicators and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) technique was used. The results indicate high performance and high importance, so that all evaluation indicators enter the first quarter of the IPA scheme, thus indicating the achievement of user satisfaction in Millet Bahçesi. It is thought that the results obtained from the research will guide the authorities in determining the priorities in the development of new parks and the improvement of existing parks.

Kaynakça

  • Addas, A., Maghrabi, A., & Goldblatt, R. (2021). Public open spaces evaluation using importance-performance analysis (IPA) in Saudi Universities: The case of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020915
  • Akpinar, A. (2016). How is quality of urban green spaces associated with physical activity and health? Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 16, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.01.011
  • Baloglu, S., & Love, C. (2003). Association Meeting Planners’ Perceived Performance of Las Vegas. Journal of Convention & Exhibition Management, 5(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1300/J143v05n01_02
  • Boyd, F., White, M. P., Bell, S. L., & Burt, J. (2018). Who doesn’t visit natural environments for recreation and why: A population representative analysis of spatial, individual and temporal factors among adults in England. Landscape and Urban Planning, 175(November 2017), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.03.016
  • Chiesura, A. (2004a). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
  • Chiesura, A. (2004b). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
  • Cohen, P., Potchter, O., & Schnell, I. (2014). The impact of an urban park on air pollution and noise levels in the Mediterranean city of Tel-Aviv, Israel. Environmental Pollution, 195, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.015
  • Davies, R. G., Barbosa, O., Fuller, R. A., Tratalos, J., Burke, N., Lewis, D., Warren, P. H., & Gaston, K. J. (2008). City-wide relationships between green spaces, urban land use and topography. In Urban Ecosystems (Vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 269–287). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-008-0062-y
  • Düzgüneş, E., & Saraç, E. (2018). Evaluation of urban transformation areas in terms of user satisfaction: the case study of Zağnos Valley (Trabzon/Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6381-9
  • Ferré, M. B., Guitart, A. O., & Ferret, M. P. (2006). Children and playgrounds in Mediterranean cities. Children’s Geographies, 4(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733280600806999
  • Geng, D. (Christina), Innes, J., Wu, W., & Wang, G. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on urban park visitation: a global analysis. Journal of Forestry Research, 32(2), 553–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01249-w
  • Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, A., & Öhrström, E. (2007). Noise and well-being in urban residential environments: The potential role of perceived availability to nearby green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 83(2–3), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.03.003
  • Gunnarsson, B., Knez, I., Hedblom, M., & Sang, O. (2017). Effects of biodiversity and environment-related attitude on perception of urban green space. Urban Ecosystems, 20(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0581-x
  • Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., & Gärling, T. (2003). Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00109-3
  • Hasani, M., Sakieh, Y., & Khammar, S. (2017). Measuring satisfaction: analyzing the relationships between sociocultural variables and functionality of urban recreational parks. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(6), 2577–2594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9856-x
  • Jo, H. I., & Jeon, J. Y. (2021). Overall environmental assessment in urban parks: Modelling audio-visual interaction with a structural equation model based on soundscape and landscape indices. Building and Environment, 204(May), 108166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108166
  • Kaczynski, A. T., & Henderson, K. A. (2007). Environmental correlates of physical activity: A review of evidence about parks and recreation. Leisure Sciences, 29(4), 315–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400701394865
  • Koca, S. (2020). Topografik Faktörlere Göre Yerleşimin Dağilişi Distribution of settlements in Eskişehir central districts ( Odunpazarı and Tepebaşı ). 29(2), 217–228.
  • Konijnendijk, C. C., Annerstedt, M., Nielsen, A. B., & Maruthaveeran, S. (2013). Benefits of Urban Parks — A systematic review. (Copenhagen & Alnarp: International Federation of Parks and Recreation Administration).
  • Koramaz, E. K., & Türkoğlu, H. (2018). Measuring and Understanding Urban Parks’ Contribution to Quality of Life in Istanbul. Social Indicators Research, 138(1), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1657-6
  • Kurniawati, W. (2012). Public Space for Marginal People. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36, 476–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.052
  • M, S., Taplin, D., & Scheld, S. (2009). Rethinking Urban Parks: Public Space and Cultural Diversity. University of Texas Press.
  • Maniruzzaman, K. M., Alqahtany, A., Abou-Korin, A., & Al-Shihri, F. S. (2021). An analysis of residents’ satisfaction with attributes of urban parks in Dammam city, Saudi Arabia. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(3), 3365–3374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.11.020
  • Martilla, J. A., & James, J. C. (1977). Importance-Performance Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224297704100112
  • McCormack, G. R., Rock, M., Swanson, K., Burton, L., & Massolo, A. (2014). Physical activity patterns in urban neighbourhood parks: Insights from a multiple case study. In BMC Public Health (Vol. 14, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-962
  • Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a city: urbanity, vitality and urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 3(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418
  • Neema, M. N., Maniruzzaman, K. M., & Ohgai, A. (2013). Greenery-based model of green urbanism for developing a sustainable healthy livable city - Dhaka city’s perspective. Proceedings of the 2013 13th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2013, 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSA.2013.43
  • Németh, J., & Langhorst, J. (2014). Rethinking urban transformation: Temporary uses for vacant land. Cities, 40, 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.04.007
  • Nielsen, T. S., & Hansen, K. B. (2007). Do green areas affect health? Results from a Danish survey on the use of green areas and health indicators. Health and Place, 13(4), 839–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.02.001
  • Oloumi, S., Mahdavinejad, M., & Namvarrad, A. (2012). Evaluation of Outdoor Environment from the Viewpoint of Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35(December 2011), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.108
  • Polat, S. (2021). The Evaluation of Public Open Space Quality from the Perspective of Syrian Refugees Living in Bursa , Turkey Shaza ALSALLOMY Bursa ’ da Yaşayan Suriyeli Göçmenler Açısından Kamusal Açık A lan Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. 1, 56–71.
  • Rey Gozalo, G., Barrigón Morillas, J. M., Montes González, D., & Atanasio Moraga, P. (2018). Relationships among satisfaction, noise perception, and use of urban green spaces. Science of the Total Environment, 624, 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.148
  • Schipperijn, J., Bentsen, P., Troelsen, J., Toftager, M., & Stigsdotter, U. K. (2013). Associations between physical activity and characteristics of urban green space. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 12(1), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2012.12.002
  • Shuib, K. B., Hashim, H., & Nasir, N. A. M. (2015). Community Participation Strategies in Planning for Urban Parks. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 168, 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.236
  • Syphard, A. D., Clarke, K. C., & Franklin, J. (2007). Simulating fire frequency and urban growth in southern California coastal shrublands, USA. In Landscape Ecology (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 431–445). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9025-y
  • Tzoulas, K., Korpela, K., Venn, S., Yli-Pelkonen, V., Kaźmierczak, A., Niemela, J., & James, P. (2007). Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure: A literature review. In Landscape and Urban Planning (Vol. 81, Issue 3, pp. 167–178). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001
  • Wan, C., Shen, G. Q., & Choi, S. (2020). Effects of physical and psychological factors on users’ attitudes, use patterns, and perceived benefits toward urban parks. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 51, 126691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126691
  • Wenzhong, Z. (2007). Study on Intrinsic Meanings of the Livable City and the Evaluation System of Livable City. Vol. 3, pp. 30–34.
  • Werner, P. (2011). The ecology of urban areas and their functions for species diversity. In Landscape and Ecological Engineering (Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 231–240). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-011-0153-4
  • Wojnowska-Heciak, M. (2019). The naturalness of the Vistula Riverbank’s landscape: Warsaw inhabitants’ perceptions. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11215957
  • Wojnowska-Heciak, M., Suchocka, M., Błaszczyk, M., & Muszyńska, M. (2022). Urban Parks as Perceived by City Residents with Mobility Difficulties: A Qualitative Study with In-Depth Interviews. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042018
  • Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough.’ Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017
  • Xu, Z., Gao, X., Wang, Z., & Fan, J. (2019). Big Data-Based Evaluation of Urban Parks: A Chinese Case Study. Sustainability, 11(7), 2125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072125
  • Yu, B., Che, S., Xie, C., & Tian, S. (2018). Understanding Shanghai residents’ perception of leisure impact and experience satisfaction of urban community parks: An integrated and IPA method. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041067
  • Zhang, T., & Gobster, P. H. (1998). Leisure preferences and open space needs in an urban Chinese American community. 15(4), 338–355.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yahya Alamri 0000-0003-1462-9451

Mehmet İnceoglu 0000-0001-5264-8755

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alamri, Y., & İnceoglu, M. (2022). Evaluation of Satisfaction Level Regarding Urban Parks: The Case of Eskisehir Millet Bahcesi. JENAS Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies, 4(1), 38-51. https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1061763

JENAS | Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies