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Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 170 - 183, 03.12.2021

Corinne Brion Bilgen Kıral

https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.943568
Cited By: 1

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, P. (2015). Kriz iletisimi yonetimi, sosyal medya ve liderlik: Baltimore olayları’nda Barack Obama ve Hilary Clinton’ın Twitter mesajlarına dair bir inceleme. Istanbul University Journal of Communication Faculty, 2(49), 15-30.
  • Bedford, J., Enria, D., Giesecke, J. et al. (2020). COVID-19: Towards controlling of a pandemic. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30673-5/fulltext. Retrived date:10.09.2020.
  • Boin, A.; Kuipers, S. & Overdijk, W. (2013). Leadership in times of crisis: A Framework for Assessment. International Review of Public Administration, 18(1), 79-91.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Campbell, A. (2020, April 12). An increasing risk of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Science International: Reports. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089.
  • Chenail, R. J. (2012). Conducting qualitative data analysis: Managing dynamic tensions within. The Qualitative Report, 17, 1-6.
  • Christensen W. T. (2009). Crises leadership: A study of leadership practice (Doctoral dissertation), Capella University.
  • Coronavirus and School Closures in 2019-2020. (2020). https://www.edweek.org/leadership/map- coronavirus-and-school-closures-in-2019-2020/2020/03. Retrived date: 13.03.2021.
  • COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. (2020). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. Retrived date:15.04.2020.
  • Dorn, E.; Hancock, B.; Sarakatsannis, J. & Viruleg, E. (2020). COVID-19 and student learning in the United States: The hurt could last a lifetime. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/covid-19-and-student learning-in-the-united-states-the-hurt-could-last-a-lifetime.Retrived date: 04.07.2020.
  • Damiani V. B. (2006). Crisis prevention and intervention ın the classroom: What teachers should know. Oxford.
  • Darling-Hammond, L. & Kini, T. (2020). A new “New Deal” for education: Top 10 policy moves for states in the COVID 2.0 Era. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/covid-new-deal-education-top-10-state-policy- moves. Retrived date: 09.09.2020.
  • Dodley, D. G.; Bandealy, A. & Tschudy, M. M. (2020). Low-income children and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) in the US. JAMA Pediatr. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2766115.https://doi.org/10.10 01/jamapediatrics.2020.2065. Retrived date: 10.10.2020.
  • Falheimer, J. & Heide, M. (2006). Multicultural crisis communications: Towards a social constructionist perspective. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 14(4), 180-189.
  • Fotheringham, P., Harriott, T., Healy, G., Arenge, G., McGill, R. & Willson, E. (2020). Pressures and influences on school leaders as policymakers during COVID-19. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3642919.Retrived date: 13.03.2021.
  • Gibbs, G. (2007). The Sage qualitative research kit: Analyzing qualitative data. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208574.
  • Goldstein, D., Popescu, A. & Hannah-Jones, N. (2020). As school moves online, many students stay logged out. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/us/coronavirus-schools-attendance-absent.html. Retrived date: 14.03.2021.
  • Hamilton, L. S., Kaufman, J. H. & Diliberti, M. K. (2020). Teaching and leading through a pandemic. Key findings from the American educator panels spring 2020 COVID-19 surveys. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA168-2.html. Retrived date: 13.03.2021.
  • Harvard Business School Press. (2008). Kriz yonetimi. (Tr.: M. Inan). Optimist.
  • Harris, A. & Jones, M. (2020). COVID-19 – school leadership in disruptive times. Journal of School Leadership & Management, 40(4), 243-247.
  • Harris, A. & Fullan, M. (2020). Professional capital after the pandemic: Revisiting and revising classic understandings of teachers’ work. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 2056-9548.
  • Harris, A. (2020). COVID-19 – School leadership in crisis? Journal of Professional Capital and Community.https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/2056-9548#earlycite. Retrived date: 01.10.2020.
  • Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2020). Professional capital after the pandemic: Revisiting and revising classic understandings of teachers’ work. Journal of Professional Capital and Community.https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/2056-9548#earlycite. Retrived date: 01.10.2020.
  • Hooge, E., & Pont, B. (2020). School leadership in unpredictable times. European Journal of Education, 55(2), 135–138.
  • James, E. H. & Wooten, L.P. (2005). Leadership as (un)usual: How to display competence in times of crises. Organizational Dynamics, 34(2), 141-142.
  • Kafa, A. & Pashiardis, P. (2020). Coping with the global pandemic COVID-19 through the lenses of the Cyprus education system. ISEA, 48(2), 42-48.
  • Labuschagne, A. (2003). Qualitative research: Airy fairy or fundamental? The Qualitative Report, 8(1), 100-103.
  • Leithwood, K., Harris, A. & Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School Leadership & Management, 40 (1), 5–22.
  • Luecke R. (2008). Kriz yonetimi. (Tr. O. Sarıkaya). Is Bank.
  • McNamara, L. & Sahlberg, P. (2020). Post-coronavirus recess will become important for kids returning to school. https://globalnews.ca/news/7021431/school-recess-benefits/ Retrived date: 09.09.2020.
  • Mero-Jaffe, I. (2011). Is that what I said? Interview transcript approval by participants: An aspect of ethics in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 10, 231-247.
  • Merriam, S. B. (1988). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach. Jossey-Bass.
  • Mutch, C. (2015). Leadership in times of crisis: Dispositional, relational and contextual factors influencing school principals’ actions. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 186–194.
  • Netolicky, D. M. (2020). School leadership during a pandemic: Navigating tensions. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 391-395.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage.
  • Pius-Uwhubetiyi, R. T. (2020). Educational leadership response to COVID-19 crisis in providing essential educational services in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 13(3), 517-526.
  • Powley, E. H. & Taylor, S. N. (2014). Pedagogical approaches to develop critical thinking and crisis leadership. Journal of Management Education, 38(4), 560-585.
  • Rodgers, B. (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Sage.
  • Sahu P. (2020). Closure of universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus, 12(4), e7541.
  • Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.
  • Smith, L. & Riley, D. (2012). School leadership in times of crisis. School Leadership & Management, 32(1), 57-71.
  • The World Health Organization-WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. Retrived date: 16.09.2020.
  • The World Health Organization-WHO, United States of America. (2020). https://covid19.who.int/region/amro/country/us. Retrived date: 16.09.2020.
  • The World Health Organization -WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard (2020). https://covid19.who.int. Retrived date: 10.07.2020.
  • UNESCO (2020). Global monitoring of school closures caused by COVID-19. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse. Retrived date: 16.09.2020. UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 impact on education. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse. Retrived date: 20.09.2020.
  • Varela, D. G. & Fedynich, L. (2020). Leading schools from a social distance: Surveying south Texas school district leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, 38(4), 1-10.
  • Veil, S. R., Buehner, T. & Palenchar, M. J. (2011). A work-in-process literature review: Incorporating social media in risk and crisis communication. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 19(2), 110-123.
  • Wang, J. (2007). Developing organizational learning capacity in crisis management. Sage Publications, 10(3), 425-3445.
  • Wright, J. E. & Merritt, C. C. (2020). Social equity and COVID-19: The case of African Americans. Public Administration Review, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13251.
  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage.
  • Zhen-Dong Y, Gao-Jun Z, Run-Ming J, et al. (2020). Clinical and transmission dynamics characteristics of 406 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in China: A review. Infect, 81(2), 11-15.

COVID-19 Crisis Challenges and Management Strategies of Educational Leaders in America

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 170 - 183, 03.12.2021

Corinne Brion Bilgen Kıral

https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.943568
Cited By: 1

Öz

This research was conducted to understand how 30 American school leaders managed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study used a case study approach. The researchers utilized a convenience and snowball sampling to conduct Zoom interviews in May 2020. The research findings revealed that leaders encountered numerous difficulties related to having to lead during two crises (a global pandemic and social-racial issues). Findings also indicated that leaders altered their style and used many strategies to lead in times of crises: They emphasized communication, became stress managers and cheer leaders, focused on developing a sense of belonging among teachers and students alike, and planning for the school year. This study is significant because it expands leaders’ understanding of how to manage schools in times of crisis. When leaders lead effectively during times of crisis, then learning, teaching, and well-being will be less negatively impacted. The implications of this research also invite educational stakeholders to reimagine how to lead in an increasingly technological world. This study is relevant for K-12 leaders, but results could also be useful for leaders in a variety of contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Educational leader crisis crisis management COVID-19 pandemic challenges

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, P. (2015). Kriz iletisimi yonetimi, sosyal medya ve liderlik: Baltimore olayları’nda Barack Obama ve Hilary Clinton’ın Twitter mesajlarına dair bir inceleme. Istanbul University Journal of Communication Faculty, 2(49), 15-30.
  • Bedford, J., Enria, D., Giesecke, J. et al. (2020). COVID-19: Towards controlling of a pandemic. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30673-5/fulltext. Retrived date:10.09.2020.
  • Boin, A.; Kuipers, S. & Overdijk, W. (2013). Leadership in times of crisis: A Framework for Assessment. International Review of Public Administration, 18(1), 79-91.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Campbell, A. (2020, April 12). An increasing risk of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Science International: Reports. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089.
  • Chenail, R. J. (2012). Conducting qualitative data analysis: Managing dynamic tensions within. The Qualitative Report, 17, 1-6.
  • Christensen W. T. (2009). Crises leadership: A study of leadership practice (Doctoral dissertation), Capella University.
  • Coronavirus and School Closures in 2019-2020. (2020). https://www.edweek.org/leadership/map- coronavirus-and-school-closures-in-2019-2020/2020/03. Retrived date: 13.03.2021.
  • COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. (2020). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. Retrived date:15.04.2020.
  • Dorn, E.; Hancock, B.; Sarakatsannis, J. & Viruleg, E. (2020). COVID-19 and student learning in the United States: The hurt could last a lifetime. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/covid-19-and-student learning-in-the-united-states-the-hurt-could-last-a-lifetime.Retrived date: 04.07.2020.
  • Damiani V. B. (2006). Crisis prevention and intervention ın the classroom: What teachers should know. Oxford.
  • Darling-Hammond, L. & Kini, T. (2020). A new “New Deal” for education: Top 10 policy moves for states in the COVID 2.0 Era. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/covid-new-deal-education-top-10-state-policy- moves. Retrived date: 09.09.2020.
  • Dodley, D. G.; Bandealy, A. & Tschudy, M. M. (2020). Low-income children and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) in the US. JAMA Pediatr. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2766115.https://doi.org/10.10 01/jamapediatrics.2020.2065. Retrived date: 10.10.2020.
  • Falheimer, J. & Heide, M. (2006). Multicultural crisis communications: Towards a social constructionist perspective. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 14(4), 180-189.
  • Fotheringham, P., Harriott, T., Healy, G., Arenge, G., McGill, R. & Willson, E. (2020). Pressures and influences on school leaders as policymakers during COVID-19. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3642919.Retrived date: 13.03.2021.
  • Gibbs, G. (2007). The Sage qualitative research kit: Analyzing qualitative data. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208574.
  • Goldstein, D., Popescu, A. & Hannah-Jones, N. (2020). As school moves online, many students stay logged out. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/us/coronavirus-schools-attendance-absent.html. Retrived date: 14.03.2021.
  • Hamilton, L. S., Kaufman, J. H. & Diliberti, M. K. (2020). Teaching and leading through a pandemic. Key findings from the American educator panels spring 2020 COVID-19 surveys. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA168-2.html. Retrived date: 13.03.2021.
  • Harvard Business School Press. (2008). Kriz yonetimi. (Tr.: M. Inan). Optimist.
  • Harris, A. & Jones, M. (2020). COVID-19 – school leadership in disruptive times. Journal of School Leadership & Management, 40(4), 243-247.
  • Harris, A. & Fullan, M. (2020). Professional capital after the pandemic: Revisiting and revising classic understandings of teachers’ work. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 2056-9548.
  • Harris, A. (2020). COVID-19 – School leadership in crisis? Journal of Professional Capital and Community.https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/2056-9548#earlycite. Retrived date: 01.10.2020.
  • Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2020). Professional capital after the pandemic: Revisiting and revising classic understandings of teachers’ work. Journal of Professional Capital and Community.https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/2056-9548#earlycite. Retrived date: 01.10.2020.
  • Hooge, E., & Pont, B. (2020). School leadership in unpredictable times. European Journal of Education, 55(2), 135–138.
  • James, E. H. & Wooten, L.P. (2005). Leadership as (un)usual: How to display competence in times of crises. Organizational Dynamics, 34(2), 141-142.
  • Kafa, A. & Pashiardis, P. (2020). Coping with the global pandemic COVID-19 through the lenses of the Cyprus education system. ISEA, 48(2), 42-48.
  • Labuschagne, A. (2003). Qualitative research: Airy fairy or fundamental? The Qualitative Report, 8(1), 100-103.
  • Leithwood, K., Harris, A. & Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School Leadership & Management, 40 (1), 5–22.
  • Luecke R. (2008). Kriz yonetimi. (Tr. O. Sarıkaya). Is Bank.
  • McNamara, L. & Sahlberg, P. (2020). Post-coronavirus recess will become important for kids returning to school. https://globalnews.ca/news/7021431/school-recess-benefits/ Retrived date: 09.09.2020.
  • Mero-Jaffe, I. (2011). Is that what I said? Interview transcript approval by participants: An aspect of ethics in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 10, 231-247.
  • Merriam, S. B. (1988). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach. Jossey-Bass.
  • Mutch, C. (2015). Leadership in times of crisis: Dispositional, relational and contextual factors influencing school principals’ actions. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 186–194.
  • Netolicky, D. M. (2020). School leadership during a pandemic: Navigating tensions. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 391-395.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage.
  • Pius-Uwhubetiyi, R. T. (2020). Educational leadership response to COVID-19 crisis in providing essential educational services in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 13(3), 517-526.
  • Powley, E. H. & Taylor, S. N. (2014). Pedagogical approaches to develop critical thinking and crisis leadership. Journal of Management Education, 38(4), 560-585.
  • Rodgers, B. (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Sage.
  • Sahu P. (2020). Closure of universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus, 12(4), e7541.
  • Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.
  • Smith, L. & Riley, D. (2012). School leadership in times of crisis. School Leadership & Management, 32(1), 57-71.
  • The World Health Organization-WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. Retrived date: 16.09.2020.
  • The World Health Organization-WHO, United States of America. (2020). https://covid19.who.int/region/amro/country/us. Retrived date: 16.09.2020.
  • The World Health Organization -WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard (2020). https://covid19.who.int. Retrived date: 10.07.2020.
  • UNESCO (2020). Global monitoring of school closures caused by COVID-19. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse. Retrived date: 16.09.2020. UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 impact on education. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse. Retrived date: 20.09.2020.
  • Varela, D. G. & Fedynich, L. (2020). Leading schools from a social distance: Surveying south Texas school district leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, 38(4), 1-10.
  • Veil, S. R., Buehner, T. & Palenchar, M. J. (2011). A work-in-process literature review: Incorporating social media in risk and crisis communication. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 19(2), 110-123.
  • Wang, J. (2007). Developing organizational learning capacity in crisis management. Sage Publications, 10(3), 425-3445.
  • Wright, J. E. & Merritt, C. C. (2020). Social equity and COVID-19: The case of African Americans. Public Administration Review, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13251.
  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage.
  • Zhen-Dong Y, Gao-Jun Z, Run-Ming J, et al. (2020). Clinical and transmission dynamics characteristics of 406 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in China: A review. Infect, 81(2), 11-15.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Corinne Brion 0000-0001-6151-525X

Bilgen Kıral 0000-0001-5352-8552

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Brion, C., & Kıral, B. (2021). COVID-19 Crisis Challenges and Management Strategies of Educational Leaders in America. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 8(4), 170-183. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.943568

Cited By

A Systematic Review of Research on Problems and Challenges Faced by Principals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
European Journal of Educational Research
https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.12.1.87
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IJCER (International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research) ISSN: 2148-3868