Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Experimental Public Art in the 21st Century

Yıl 2021, Sayı: COVID-19 Sonrası Kentsel Kamusal Mekânların Dönüşümü, 198 - 220, 28.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.875595

Öz

The changing social environment with the 21st century has increased the interest in public art and art has turned into a social need. Since the 2000s, both process and result-oriented public art activities have gained a new momentum with experimental works such as pavilions and installations. So much so that this differentiation is reflected in the interaction with art/art product. This study examines the experimentalism of art by examining the similarities in the formal, functional and application fields that emerged with the increase in the number of interdisciplinary experimental public art products such as the pavilion-installation in the 21st century, and their increasingly uniformity in this direction, through examples, and questions the experimentalism of art. Discusses the transformation of public art during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this direction, it has been concluded that in the 21st century, the inauthenticity and repetition of most public art products distances itself between public art and experimentation. In the Covid-19 pandemic process, it is thought that the shift of art, which cannot belong to any context due to social distance, to digital art, can standardize this period, just like the standardization process of experimental public art before the pandemic.

Kaynakça

  • Altenburger, E. (t. y.). Mirror house. tinyBe.com. Erişim adresi: https://tinybe.org/en/impulses/
  • Ar-Chè, A. (2014). La praire. divisare.com. Erişim adresi: https://divisare.com/projects/265596-atelier-Ar-Ch- Ch-rifa-S-himi-J-r-me-Girard-La-Prairie
  • Arkitektüel. (2018). Yıl biterken: 2018’in En dikkat çeken 10 pavyon tasarımı. Arkitektüel. Erişim adresi: https://www.arkitektuel.com/yil-biterken-2018-in-en-dikkat-ceken-10-pavyon-tasarimi/
  • Aydın, R. E. (2015). ‘’Kamusal Alan ve Sanat” konusuna eleştirel bir yaklaşım. Erişim adresi: https://ronyaemel.wordpress.com/: https://ronyaemel.wordpress.com/2015/04/07/kamusal-alan-ve-sanat- konusuna-elestirel-bir-yaklasim/
  • Azzarello, N. (2017). Phillip K. Smith III's 'Circle of land and sky' Mirrors abstract views of the California desert. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/art/phillip-k-smith-iii-desert-x-the-circle-of- land-and-sky-california-palm-desert-03-02-2017/
  • Azzarello, N. (2017). Rainbow-hued light labyrinth by brut deluxe forms an immersive infinity room in China. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/art/brut-deluxe-yuzhou-immersive-light- labyrinth-china-01-16-2017/
  • Azzarello, N. (2017). Sports punctuates the city of santa barbara with colorful matrix pavilions. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/design/sports-collective-santa-barbara- runaway-04-30-2017/
  • Bénini, A. (2013). Climatic caresse. Fete des lumieres. Erişim adresi: https://www.fetedeslumieres.lyon.fr /en/installation/caresses-climatiques
  • Billock, J. (2020). How street artists around the world are reacting to life with covid-19. Smithsonian.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Butler, A. (2014). Mi casa, your casa by hector esrawe and ignacio cadena. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/design/mi-casa-your-casa-by-hector-esrawe-and-ignacio-cadena- 11-21-2014/?utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=e-mail&utm_source=subscribers
  • Caula, R. (2012). Mud brick and mirror spiral ınstallation. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/art/mud-brick-and-mirror-spiral-installation-by-elin-hansdottir/
  • Chang, D. (2015). Pénétrable in Chicago | Jesús Rafael Soto. arch20.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.arch2o.com/p%c3%a9n%c3%a9trable-in-chicago-jes%c3%bas-rafael-soto/
  • Davis, B. (2020). What does the public want from art in a post-covid world? Here are 5 takeaways from a massive new study. artnet.com. Erişim adresi: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/culture-community-in- a-time-of-crisis-1892897
  • Ercan, M. (2013, Eylül). Kamusal sanatın ‘Kamusallığı’: Erişim, aktör, fayda yaklaşımı. İdealkent Dergisi, 4(10), 220-255.
  • Etherington, R. (2010). Regent's place pavilion by carmody groarke. dezeen.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.dezeen.com/2010/01/28/regents-place-pavilion-by-carmody-groarke/ adresinden alındı
  • Ferry, B. W. (2016). Flatiron sky-line by lot, New York. urdesign.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.urdesignmag.com /design/2016/12/21/flatiron-sky-line-lot-new-york/
  • Furuto, A. (2013). Pixel cloud installation / Ustable. Archdaily.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.archdaily.com /356993/pixel-cloud-installation-unstable?ad_medium=gallery
  • Feldman, K. (2020). Leading the national gallery of art during covid-19. Museum Management and Curatorship.
  • Garden City Play Environment. (2008). architizer.com. Erişim adresi: https://architizer.com/projects/garden- city-play-environment/
  • Goldberg, M. (2019). Softlab's mirror mirror installation opens at Alexandria's revamped waterfront. Archinet News. Erişim adresi: https://archinect.com/news/article/150129579/softlab-s-mirror-mirror-installation-opens-at-alexandria-s-revamped-waterfront
  • Google Arts ad Culture. (t. y.). Erişim adresi: https://artsandculture.google.com/streetview/deutsches- museum-mine-modern-mining/cgGPCk6Il1u0xg?sv_lng=11.58322817397539&sv_lat=48.12934077726873& sv_h=105.35701269625716&sv_p=-22.943624405689135&sv_pid=UbWqEXEU3pUAAAQvPCeukg&sv_z=1
  • Google Arts and Culture. (t. y.). Erişim adresi: https://artsandculture.google.com/streetview/rezan-has- museum-google arts-culture-team/JgEwdy1Y61Y6rw?sv_lng=28.95887657800867& sv_lat=41.02547753661164&sv_h=197&sv_p=0&sv_pid=NOslgLUuD8DRlD9cNlXQ0A&sv_z=1
  • Gökmen, L. (2016, July 1). Konutta proje ligi. Ekonomist. Erişim adresi: http://www.ekonomist.com.tr/kapak- konusu/konutta-proje-ligi.html
  • Gray, B. (2016). Point cloud at the yards park. Urban Bohemian. Erişim adresi: https://urbanbohemian.com /2016/02/25/point-cloud-the-yards-park/
  • Güzer, C. A. (2019, Eylül 15). Mimari tasarım, sanat ve eleştiri. (Ö. Yalım, Röportaj Yapan) T24 Haftalık Gazetesi. İstanbul.
  • Habermas, J. (1962). Kamusallığın yapısal dönüşümü: Burjuva toplumunun bir kategorisi üzerine araştırmalar. (T. Bora, & M. Sancar, Çev.) İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık.
  • Hannappel, W. (2010). Lichtinstallationen für "ruhrlights: twilight zone ınternationale lichtkunst an der ruhr". modulorbeat. Erişim adresi: https://www.modulorbeat.de/work/untitled
  • Hannula, M. (2007). Karşılıklı ilişki ve yeryüzünde olmaya dair. S. B. Pelin Tan (Dü.) içinde, Olasılıklar, Duruşlar, Müzakere Güncel Sanatta Kamusal Alan Tartışmaları, 58. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hanru, H. (2007). Sürekli yenilenen kamusallığı kurmak ve kolektif eylem. Olasılıklar, Duruşlar, Müzakere Güncel Sanatta Kamusal Alan Tartışmaları, 139-142. (P. Tan, Röportaj Yapan, & E. Kosova, Çevirmen) İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hayden, D. (1995). The power of place: Urban landscapes as public history. Cambridge Massachusetts, London: The Mit Press.
  • ICOM . (2020). Museums and the covid-19 crisis: 8 Steps to supporting community resilience. Internatioanl Council of Museums.
  • Interreg Europe. (2020). Digital technologies and museums: post-pandemic experiences. Policy Learning Platform.
  • Kahn, N. (2012). Cloud arbor. ınstitute for public art. Erişim adresi: https://www.instituteforpublicart.org/case- studies/cloud-arbor/
  • Kejanlıoğlu, B. (2004). Medya çalışmalarında kamusal alan kavramı. M. Özbek (Dü.) içinde, Kamusal Alan, 699-700. Hil Yayın.
  • Kılınç, C. (2020). Kamusal sanatın deneyselliği üzerine bir irdeleme. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanından erişildi.
  • Krzykowski, M. (2008). Cityscope by Marco Hemmerling. dezeen. Erişim adresi: https://www.dezeen.com/2008/11 /24/cityscope-by-marco-hemmerling/
  • Lavin, S. (2012). Vanishing point: The contemporary pavilion. Artforum International, 51(2).
  • Merritt, E. (2020). Reinventing museums: pandemic disruption as an opportunity for change. American Alliance of Museums.
  • Mitrache, G. (2012). Architecture, art, public space. (A. Ç. İlhan, Dü.) Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences(51), s. 562-566. Erişim adresi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042812033447
  • More than Green. (2011). The rope show | A playful urban installation made of ropes | Copenhagen. Erişim adresi: http://www.morethangreen.es/en/the-rope-show-a-playful-urban-installation-made-of-ropes-in- copenhagen/
  • Moving exhibitions online: solutions for galleries in lockdown. (t. y.). Surface impression. Erişim adresi: https://surfaceimpression.digital/online-exhibitions/
  • Murray, J. (1900). Murray's hand-book constantinople Brusa, and the Throad. London: John Murray.
  • Phillips, P. C. (1999). Dynamic exchange public art at this time. Public Art Review(11), 4-9.
  • Pintos, P. (2019). Ziggy installation / Hou de Sousa. Archdaily: https://www.archdaily.com/929993/ziggy- installation-hou-de-sousa
  • Ravenscroft, T. (2019). Paul Cocksedge creates undulating communal bench in London. dezeen.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/18/paul-cocksedge-please-be-seated-furniture-london/
  • Robitaille, D. (2008). Amherst Park anamorphic installation. commarts.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.commarts.com/project/19919/amherst-park-anamorphic-installation
  • Roitman, S. (2010). Gated communities: definitions, causes and consequences. Urban Design and Planning, 163(1), 31-38.
  • Rojek, C. (2000). Indexing, dragging and the social construction of tourist sights. C. R. Urry içinde, Touring Cultures. Transformation of Travel and Theory, 52-74. New York: Routledge.
  • Self, J. (2013). L’armonia non è ovvia. domus. Erişim adresi: https://www.domusweb.it/it/architettura/2013/06 /7/sou_fujimoto_serpentine_gallery.html
  • Sheikh, S. (2007). Kamusal alanın yerine ne mi? Ya da, parçalardan oluşan dünya. P. Tan, & S. Boynik (Dü) içinde, Olasılıklar, Duruşlar, Müzakere Güncel Sanatta Kamusal Alan Tartışmaları. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Sousa, J. d. (2018). Hou de Sousa's iridescent prismatic ınstallation in georgetown frames a myriad of perspectives. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/hou-de-sousa- iridescent-prismatic-installation-myriad-perspectives-12-10-2018/
  • Surface Impression. (t. y.). Erişim adresi: https://surfaceimpression.digital/online-exhibitions/
  • Tallant, S. (2020). Rethinking museums for the future. The UNESCO Courier(3), 12-14.
  • Troya Müzesi. (t. y.). T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Erişim adresi: https://sanalmuze.gov.tr/TR-259960/troya- muzesi---canakkale.html
  • Turenscape. (2013). Square & Round. contemporist.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.contemporist.com/square- round-by-turenscape/
  • Ulak, A. (2012). Atelier brückner: Gs caltex pavilion for the 2012 expo korea. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/readers/atelier-bruckner-gs-caltex-pavilion-for-the-2012-expo-korea/
  • Vajda, A. (2020). Museums and online spaces. The society building role of the museums during the pandemic. commUnicAtio(7), 42-53.
  • Wainwright, O. (2015). Serpentine pavilion 2015: a rainbow wormhole ready to suck you into another dimension. The Guardian. Erişim adresi: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jun/22/serpentine-pavilion- 2015-a-rainbow-wormhole-ready-to-suck-you-into-another-dimension
  • Wilde, A. d. (2017). Lighting, layers and reflections . DesignCollector. Erişim adresi: https://designcollector.net /likes/lighting-layers-and-reflections-by-autumn-de-wilde
  • Yılmaz, Z. (2007). Hannah Arendt’te özel alan-kamusal alan ayrımı ve modern çağda toplumsal alan (Doktora Tezi). Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanından erişildi.
  • Yırtıcı, H., Gürer, T., & Yıldız , G. (1993). Deneysel mimarlık. Mimarlık Dergisi(255).
  • Yoo, A. (2013). Maze of mirrors mesmerizes visitors inside Sydney’s Hyde Park. My Modern Met. Erişim adresi: https://mymodernmet.com/art-and-about-sydney-field/
  • Yoo, A. (2015). Mirror labryinth, twisted park benches and disappearing rooms of water at Brooklyn Bridge Park. My Modern Met. Erişim adresi: https://mymodernmet.com/jeppe-hein-please-touch-the-art-brooklyn-bridge-park/
  • Yükselbaba, Ü. (2011). Kamusal alan modelleri ve bu modellerin bağlamları. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty, 66(2), s. 227 - 271. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/iuhfm/issue/9184/115001
  • Zotes, M. (2014). Nebulæ installation by unstable roskilde – Denmark. Retail Design Blog. Erişim adresi: https://retaildesignblog.net/2014/09/21/nebulae-installation-by-unstable-roskilde-denmark/
  • Zukauskas, N. (2017). A whimsical outdoor pavilion graces an artist colony in Illinois. Contemporist. Erişim adresi: https://www.contemporist.com/whimsical-outdoor-pavilion-graces-an-artist-colony-in-illinois/

21. Yüzyılda Deneysel Kamusal Sanat

Yıl 2021, Sayı: COVID-19 Sonrası Kentsel Kamusal Mekânların Dönüşümü, 198 - 220, 28.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.875595

Öz

21. yüzyılla birlikte değişen sosyal çevre, kamusal sanata olan ilgiyi artırmış ve sanat, toplumsal bir ihtiyaca dönüşmüştür. Kamusal alandaki sanatsal faaliyetler çeşitlendikçe sanat, kamusal alanın vazgeçilmez bir parçası olmaya başlamıştır. 2000'li yıllardan bu yana hem süreç hem de sonuç odaklı kamusal sanat faaliyetleri pavyon ve enstalasyon gibi deneysel çalışmalarla yeni bir ivme kazanmış ve bu durum kamusal sanatı başka bir noktaya getirmiştir. Öyle ki bu farklılaşma sanatla/sanat ürünü ile olan etkileşime de yansımış ve gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte fiziki erişim dışında kamusal faaliyetlere yeni erişim şekilleri ortaya çıkmış ve kısa sürede yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu çalışma, 21. yüzyılda pavyon-enstalasyon gibi disiplinler arası deneysel kamusal sanat ürünlerinin sayılarının artmasıyla ortaya çıkan biçimsel, işlevsel ve uygulama alanındaki benzerliklerini ve bu doğrultuda giderek tek tipleşmelerini örnekler üzerinden tablolar aracılığıyla ele alarak, sanatın deneyselliğini sorgulamakta ve içinde bulunduğumuz Covid-19 salgını döneminde kamusal sanatın nasıl bir dönüşüm yaşadığını tartışmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda 21. yüzyılda, çoğu kamusal sanat ürününün özgün olamaması ve kendini tekrar etmesinin kamusal sanat ile deneysellik arasına mesafe koyduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Covid-19 salgın sürecinde ise sosyal mesafeden ötürü herhangi bir bağlama ait olamayan sanatın, dijital sanata kayma halinin tıpkı salgından önceki deneysel kamusal sanatın tek tipleşmesi süreci gibi bu dönemi de tek tipleştirebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Altenburger, E. (t. y.). Mirror house. tinyBe.com. Erişim adresi: https://tinybe.org/en/impulses/
  • Ar-Chè, A. (2014). La praire. divisare.com. Erişim adresi: https://divisare.com/projects/265596-atelier-Ar-Ch- Ch-rifa-S-himi-J-r-me-Girard-La-Prairie
  • Arkitektüel. (2018). Yıl biterken: 2018’in En dikkat çeken 10 pavyon tasarımı. Arkitektüel. Erişim adresi: https://www.arkitektuel.com/yil-biterken-2018-in-en-dikkat-ceken-10-pavyon-tasarimi/
  • Aydın, R. E. (2015). ‘’Kamusal Alan ve Sanat” konusuna eleştirel bir yaklaşım. Erişim adresi: https://ronyaemel.wordpress.com/: https://ronyaemel.wordpress.com/2015/04/07/kamusal-alan-ve-sanat- konusuna-elestirel-bir-yaklasim/
  • Azzarello, N. (2017). Phillip K. Smith III's 'Circle of land and sky' Mirrors abstract views of the California desert. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/art/phillip-k-smith-iii-desert-x-the-circle-of- land-and-sky-california-palm-desert-03-02-2017/
  • Azzarello, N. (2017). Rainbow-hued light labyrinth by brut deluxe forms an immersive infinity room in China. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/art/brut-deluxe-yuzhou-immersive-light- labyrinth-china-01-16-2017/
  • Azzarello, N. (2017). Sports punctuates the city of santa barbara with colorful matrix pavilions. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/design/sports-collective-santa-barbara- runaway-04-30-2017/
  • Bénini, A. (2013). Climatic caresse. Fete des lumieres. Erişim adresi: https://www.fetedeslumieres.lyon.fr /en/installation/caresses-climatiques
  • Billock, J. (2020). How street artists around the world are reacting to life with covid-19. Smithsonian.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Butler, A. (2014). Mi casa, your casa by hector esrawe and ignacio cadena. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/design/mi-casa-your-casa-by-hector-esrawe-and-ignacio-cadena- 11-21-2014/?utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=e-mail&utm_source=subscribers
  • Caula, R. (2012). Mud brick and mirror spiral ınstallation. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/art/mud-brick-and-mirror-spiral-installation-by-elin-hansdottir/
  • Chang, D. (2015). Pénétrable in Chicago | Jesús Rafael Soto. arch20.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.arch2o.com/p%c3%a9n%c3%a9trable-in-chicago-jes%c3%bas-rafael-soto/
  • Davis, B. (2020). What does the public want from art in a post-covid world? Here are 5 takeaways from a massive new study. artnet.com. Erişim adresi: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/culture-community-in- a-time-of-crisis-1892897
  • Ercan, M. (2013, Eylül). Kamusal sanatın ‘Kamusallığı’: Erişim, aktör, fayda yaklaşımı. İdealkent Dergisi, 4(10), 220-255.
  • Etherington, R. (2010). Regent's place pavilion by carmody groarke. dezeen.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.dezeen.com/2010/01/28/regents-place-pavilion-by-carmody-groarke/ adresinden alındı
  • Ferry, B. W. (2016). Flatiron sky-line by lot, New York. urdesign.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.urdesignmag.com /design/2016/12/21/flatiron-sky-line-lot-new-york/
  • Furuto, A. (2013). Pixel cloud installation / Ustable. Archdaily.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.archdaily.com /356993/pixel-cloud-installation-unstable?ad_medium=gallery
  • Feldman, K. (2020). Leading the national gallery of art during covid-19. Museum Management and Curatorship.
  • Garden City Play Environment. (2008). architizer.com. Erişim adresi: https://architizer.com/projects/garden- city-play-environment/
  • Goldberg, M. (2019). Softlab's mirror mirror installation opens at Alexandria's revamped waterfront. Archinet News. Erişim adresi: https://archinect.com/news/article/150129579/softlab-s-mirror-mirror-installation-opens-at-alexandria-s-revamped-waterfront
  • Google Arts ad Culture. (t. y.). Erişim adresi: https://artsandculture.google.com/streetview/deutsches- museum-mine-modern-mining/cgGPCk6Il1u0xg?sv_lng=11.58322817397539&sv_lat=48.12934077726873& sv_h=105.35701269625716&sv_p=-22.943624405689135&sv_pid=UbWqEXEU3pUAAAQvPCeukg&sv_z=1
  • Google Arts and Culture. (t. y.). Erişim adresi: https://artsandculture.google.com/streetview/rezan-has- museum-google arts-culture-team/JgEwdy1Y61Y6rw?sv_lng=28.95887657800867& sv_lat=41.02547753661164&sv_h=197&sv_p=0&sv_pid=NOslgLUuD8DRlD9cNlXQ0A&sv_z=1
  • Gökmen, L. (2016, July 1). Konutta proje ligi. Ekonomist. Erişim adresi: http://www.ekonomist.com.tr/kapak- konusu/konutta-proje-ligi.html
  • Gray, B. (2016). Point cloud at the yards park. Urban Bohemian. Erişim adresi: https://urbanbohemian.com /2016/02/25/point-cloud-the-yards-park/
  • Güzer, C. A. (2019, Eylül 15). Mimari tasarım, sanat ve eleştiri. (Ö. Yalım, Röportaj Yapan) T24 Haftalık Gazetesi. İstanbul.
  • Habermas, J. (1962). Kamusallığın yapısal dönüşümü: Burjuva toplumunun bir kategorisi üzerine araştırmalar. (T. Bora, & M. Sancar, Çev.) İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık.
  • Hannappel, W. (2010). Lichtinstallationen für "ruhrlights: twilight zone ınternationale lichtkunst an der ruhr". modulorbeat. Erişim adresi: https://www.modulorbeat.de/work/untitled
  • Hannula, M. (2007). Karşılıklı ilişki ve yeryüzünde olmaya dair. S. B. Pelin Tan (Dü.) içinde, Olasılıklar, Duruşlar, Müzakere Güncel Sanatta Kamusal Alan Tartışmaları, 58. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hanru, H. (2007). Sürekli yenilenen kamusallığı kurmak ve kolektif eylem. Olasılıklar, Duruşlar, Müzakere Güncel Sanatta Kamusal Alan Tartışmaları, 139-142. (P. Tan, Röportaj Yapan, & E. Kosova, Çevirmen) İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hayden, D. (1995). The power of place: Urban landscapes as public history. Cambridge Massachusetts, London: The Mit Press.
  • ICOM . (2020). Museums and the covid-19 crisis: 8 Steps to supporting community resilience. Internatioanl Council of Museums.
  • Interreg Europe. (2020). Digital technologies and museums: post-pandemic experiences. Policy Learning Platform.
  • Kahn, N. (2012). Cloud arbor. ınstitute for public art. Erişim adresi: https://www.instituteforpublicart.org/case- studies/cloud-arbor/
  • Kejanlıoğlu, B. (2004). Medya çalışmalarında kamusal alan kavramı. M. Özbek (Dü.) içinde, Kamusal Alan, 699-700. Hil Yayın.
  • Kılınç, C. (2020). Kamusal sanatın deneyselliği üzerine bir irdeleme. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanından erişildi.
  • Krzykowski, M. (2008). Cityscope by Marco Hemmerling. dezeen. Erişim adresi: https://www.dezeen.com/2008/11 /24/cityscope-by-marco-hemmerling/
  • Lavin, S. (2012). Vanishing point: The contemporary pavilion. Artforum International, 51(2).
  • Merritt, E. (2020). Reinventing museums: pandemic disruption as an opportunity for change. American Alliance of Museums.
  • Mitrache, G. (2012). Architecture, art, public space. (A. Ç. İlhan, Dü.) Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences(51), s. 562-566. Erişim adresi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042812033447
  • More than Green. (2011). The rope show | A playful urban installation made of ropes | Copenhagen. Erişim adresi: http://www.morethangreen.es/en/the-rope-show-a-playful-urban-installation-made-of-ropes-in- copenhagen/
  • Moving exhibitions online: solutions for galleries in lockdown. (t. y.). Surface impression. Erişim adresi: https://surfaceimpression.digital/online-exhibitions/
  • Murray, J. (1900). Murray's hand-book constantinople Brusa, and the Throad. London: John Murray.
  • Phillips, P. C. (1999). Dynamic exchange public art at this time. Public Art Review(11), 4-9.
  • Pintos, P. (2019). Ziggy installation / Hou de Sousa. Archdaily: https://www.archdaily.com/929993/ziggy- installation-hou-de-sousa
  • Ravenscroft, T. (2019). Paul Cocksedge creates undulating communal bench in London. dezeen.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/18/paul-cocksedge-please-be-seated-furniture-london/
  • Robitaille, D. (2008). Amherst Park anamorphic installation. commarts.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.commarts.com/project/19919/amherst-park-anamorphic-installation
  • Roitman, S. (2010). Gated communities: definitions, causes and consequences. Urban Design and Planning, 163(1), 31-38.
  • Rojek, C. (2000). Indexing, dragging and the social construction of tourist sights. C. R. Urry içinde, Touring Cultures. Transformation of Travel and Theory, 52-74. New York: Routledge.
  • Self, J. (2013). L’armonia non è ovvia. domus. Erişim adresi: https://www.domusweb.it/it/architettura/2013/06 /7/sou_fujimoto_serpentine_gallery.html
  • Sheikh, S. (2007). Kamusal alanın yerine ne mi? Ya da, parçalardan oluşan dünya. P. Tan, & S. Boynik (Dü) içinde, Olasılıklar, Duruşlar, Müzakere Güncel Sanatta Kamusal Alan Tartışmaları. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Sousa, J. d. (2018). Hou de Sousa's iridescent prismatic ınstallation in georgetown frames a myriad of perspectives. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/hou-de-sousa- iridescent-prismatic-installation-myriad-perspectives-12-10-2018/
  • Surface Impression. (t. y.). Erişim adresi: https://surfaceimpression.digital/online-exhibitions/
  • Tallant, S. (2020). Rethinking museums for the future. The UNESCO Courier(3), 12-14.
  • Troya Müzesi. (t. y.). T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Erişim adresi: https://sanalmuze.gov.tr/TR-259960/troya- muzesi---canakkale.html
  • Turenscape. (2013). Square & Round. contemporist.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.contemporist.com/square- round-by-turenscape/
  • Ulak, A. (2012). Atelier brückner: Gs caltex pavilion for the 2012 expo korea. designboom.com. Erişim adresi: https://www.designboom.com/readers/atelier-bruckner-gs-caltex-pavilion-for-the-2012-expo-korea/
  • Vajda, A. (2020). Museums and online spaces. The society building role of the museums during the pandemic. commUnicAtio(7), 42-53.
  • Wainwright, O. (2015). Serpentine pavilion 2015: a rainbow wormhole ready to suck you into another dimension. The Guardian. Erişim adresi: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jun/22/serpentine-pavilion- 2015-a-rainbow-wormhole-ready-to-suck-you-into-another-dimension
  • Wilde, A. d. (2017). Lighting, layers and reflections . DesignCollector. Erişim adresi: https://designcollector.net /likes/lighting-layers-and-reflections-by-autumn-de-wilde
  • Yılmaz, Z. (2007). Hannah Arendt’te özel alan-kamusal alan ayrımı ve modern çağda toplumsal alan (Doktora Tezi). Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanından erişildi.
  • Yırtıcı, H., Gürer, T., & Yıldız , G. (1993). Deneysel mimarlık. Mimarlık Dergisi(255).
  • Yoo, A. (2013). Maze of mirrors mesmerizes visitors inside Sydney’s Hyde Park. My Modern Met. Erişim adresi: https://mymodernmet.com/art-and-about-sydney-field/
  • Yoo, A. (2015). Mirror labryinth, twisted park benches and disappearing rooms of water at Brooklyn Bridge Park. My Modern Met. Erişim adresi: https://mymodernmet.com/jeppe-hein-please-touch-the-art-brooklyn-bridge-park/
  • Yükselbaba, Ü. (2011). Kamusal alan modelleri ve bu modellerin bağlamları. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty, 66(2), s. 227 - 271. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/iuhfm/issue/9184/115001
  • Zotes, M. (2014). Nebulæ installation by unstable roskilde – Denmark. Retail Design Blog. Erişim adresi: https://retaildesignblog.net/2014/09/21/nebulae-installation-by-unstable-roskilde-denmark/
  • Zukauskas, N. (2017). A whimsical outdoor pavilion graces an artist colony in Illinois. Contemporist. Erişim adresi: https://www.contemporist.com/whimsical-outdoor-pavilion-graces-an-artist-colony-in-illinois/
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cemre Kılınç 0000-0001-8651-6945

Osman Tutal 0000-0003-1454-5514

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: COVID-19 Sonrası Kentsel Kamusal Mekânların Dönüşümü

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılınç, C., & Tutal, O. (2021). 21. Yüzyılda Deneysel Kamusal Sanat. İDEALKENT(COVID-19 Sonrası Kentsel Kamusal Mekânların Dönüşümü), 198-220. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.875595