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SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ARASINDA COVID-19 AŞILAMA TEREDDÜDÜNÜN ÖLÇÜMLENMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 61 - 86, 04.05.2023

Zakir Tekin İstem Köymen Keser

https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1275787

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19’a karşı etkili bir aşı geliştirilmesi en çok beklenen çözüm iken pandemiden en çok etkilenen grup olan sağlık çalışanlarında bile aşılar geliştirildikten sonra ortaya çıkan yüksek aşı tereddüt düzeyleri ileride görülebilecek pandemilerin doğru yönetimi için acil incelenmesi gereken bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlık çalışanlarının aşı tereddüt düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 295 katılımcıyla 02.10.2022-15.10.2022 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi olarak 43 soruluk bir anket uygulanmıştır. Anket, katılımcıların aşı ve aşılamayla ilgili bilgi seviyelerini, aşılama hakkındaki tereddüt düzeylerini ve bu tereddüt düzeyleri üzerinde etkili olması beklenen demografik özellikleri, aşı ve aşılama süreçleriyle ilgili likert ölçeğine dayalı ifadeleri içermektedir. Anketler ilk aşılama sürecinin üzerinden bir yıldan fazla geçmiş olduktan sonra uygulandığından sorular varsayımsal değildir.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %89,2’si aşı olmuştur. Aşı olanların %69,96’sı aşı tereddütlerini 0 ile 10 (0= hiç tereddüt yaşamayanlar, 10= yüksek tereddüt yaşayanlar) arasında gösterilen skalada 3’ün üzerinde, %35,74’ü ise 8 ve üzeri işaretlemişlerdir. Evlilerin tereddüt düzeylerinin bekarlardan daha yüksek olduğu ve erkeklerin aşı yaptırmama durumunun kadınların 1,94 katı olduğu söylenebilir. Bununla birlikte katılımcılarımız sağlık çalışanı olmasına rağmen aşılamayla ilgili bilgi sorularında 5 sorudan %63,7’sinin 3’ten az doğru cevap verdiği görülmektedir. Bu da aşılama konusunda doğru bilgilendirme yapılamadığının bir göstergesidir.
Sonuç: Katılımcıların çoğu aşı güvenirliği, etkinliği ve yararları konusunda kararsız olduklarını bildirmiştir. Aşının kısa ve uzun dönemli yan etkilerinden çekinme ise ön planda çıkmıştır. Tereddüt düzeyleri ve aşı kabul oranları ile bilgi seviyesinin arasındaki ilişkiler incelendiğinde düşük bilgi seviyesine sahip katılımcıların yüksek tereddüt seviyesine ve düşük aşılama oranlarına sahip olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Acil Sağlık Çalışanları Aşı Tereddüdü Afet

Kaynakça

  • Aw, J, Seng, JJB, Seah, SSY, Low, LL. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy—A Scoping Review of Literature in High-Income Countries. Vaccines, 9(8):900. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080900.
  • Bayou, FD, Amare, SN. (2022). Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Associated Factors Among Ethiopian Population: A Systematic Review. Patient Prefer and Adherence, 16, 1093–1103.
  • Biswas, N, Mustapha, T, Khubchandani, J, Price, JH. (2021). The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers. Journal of community health, 46 (6), 1244–1251. DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-00984-3.
  • Cascini F, Pantovic, A, Al-Ajlouni, Y, Failla, G, Ricciardi, W. (2021). Attitudes, acceptance and hesitancy among the general population worldwide to receive the COVID-19 vaccines and their contributing factors: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine, 40, 101113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101113.
  • Dyda, A, King, C, Dey, A, Leask, J, Dunn, AG. (2020). Asystematic review of studies that measure parental vaccine attitudes and beliefs in childhood vaccination. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1253. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09327-8.
  • Dzieciolowska, S, Hamel, D, Gadio, S, Dionne, M, Gagnon, D, Robitaille , L, vd. (2021). Covid-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal among Canadian healthcare workers: A multicenter survey. American journal of infection control, 49(9), 1152–1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.04.079.
  • El-Sokkary, RH, El Seifi, OS, Hassan, HM, Mortada, EM, Maiada Hashem, K, Gadelrab, MRMA, Rehab, MET. (2021). Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Egyptian healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC infectious diseases, 21(1), 762. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06392-1.
  • Ergün, A, Bekar, A, Aras, B, Dere, C, Tekneci, D, Sarıçiçek, G, vd. (2022). Determination of novel coronavirus disease (covıd-19) vaccine hesitancy using a systematic review approach based on the scientific articles in pubmed database. Turk Thorac Journal, 23 (1): 70-84.
  • Eritsyan, KY, Antonova, NA, Tsvetkova LA. (2017). Studying anti-vaccination behavior and attitudes: a systematic review of methods. Psychology in Russia, 10(1), 178-197.
  • Ghare, F, Meckawy, R, Moore, M, Lomazzi, M. (2023). Determinants of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare and Public Health Professionals: A Review. Vaccines, 11(2), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020311.
  • Gualano, MR, Olivero, E, Voglino, G, Corezzi, M, Rossello, P, Vicentini, C et al. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards compulsory vaccination: a systematic review. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 15(4), 918–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1564437.
  • Hajure, M, Tariku, M, Bekele, F, Abdu, Z, Dule, A, Mohammedhussein,M., Tsegaye , T. (2021). Attitude Towards COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review. Infection and drug resistance, 14, 3883–3897. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S332792.
  • Holzmann-Littig, C, Braunisch, MC, Kranke, P, Popp, M, Seeber, C, Fichtner, F et al. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Germany. Vaccines, 9(7), 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070777.
  • Larson, HJ, Jarrett, C, Eckersberger, E, Smith, DM, Paterson, P. (2014). Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine, 32(19), 2150–2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.081.
  • Ledda, C, Costantino, C, Cuccia, M, Maltezou, HC, Rapisarda, V. (2021). Attitudes of Healthcare Personnel towards Vaccinations before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(5), 2703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052703.
  • MacDonald, NE, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy . (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161–4164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
  • Meyer, MN, Gjorgjieva, T, Rosica, D. (2021). Trends in Health Care Worker Intentions to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine and Reasons for Hesitancy. JAMA network open, 4(3), e215344. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.5344.
  • Mills, E, Jadad, AR, Ross, C, Wilson, K. (2005). Systematic review of qualitative studies exploring parental beliefs and attitudes toward childhood vaccination identifies common barriers to vaccination. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 58(11), 1081–1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.002.
  • Mohammed, R, Nguse, TM, Habte, BM, Fentie, AM, Gebretekle, GB. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Ethiopian healthcare workers. PloS one, 16(12), 1-15. e0261125. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261125.
  • Momplaisir, FM, Kuter, BJ, Ghadimi, F, Browne, S, Nkwihoreze, H, Feemster, KA, vd. (2021). Racial/Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Health Care Workers in 2 Large Academic Hospitals. JAMA network open, 4(8), e2121931. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21931.
  • Öztürk, R. (2021). Exploring healthcare professionals’ views and approaches regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 4(5), 692-697. DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.952354.
  • Pal, S, Shekhar, R, Kottewar, S, Upadhyay, S, Singh, M, Pathak, D, vd.. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Attitude toward Booster Doses among US Healthcare Workers. Vaccines, 9(11), 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111358.
  • Pandher, R, Bilszta, JLC. (2023). Novel COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, and associated factors, amongst medical students: a scoping review. Medical education online, 28(1), 2175620. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2023.2175620.
  • Patwary, MM., Alam, MA, Bardhan, M, Disha, AS, Haque, MZ, Billah, SM et al. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines, 10, 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/ vaccines10030427.
  • Paudel, S, Palaian, S, Shankar, PR, Subedi, N. (2021). Risk Perception and Hesitancy Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers and Staff at a Medical College in Nepal. Risk management and healthcare policy, 14, 2253–2261. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S310289.
  • Pekcan, B, Cai, P, Olivias, P. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Acceptance in the Global Context: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Global Health, 11(2).
  • Portoghese, I, Siddi, M, Chessa, L , Costanzo, G , Garcia-Larsen, V , Perra, A et al. (2023). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Italian Healthcare Workers: Latent Profiles and Their Relationships to Predictors and Outcome. Vaccines, 11(2), 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020273.
  • Quattan, AMN, Alshareef, N, Alsharqi, O, Al Rahahleh, N, Chirwa, GC, Al-Hanawi, MK. (2021). Acceptability of a COVID-19 Vaccine Among Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in medicine, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.644300.
  • Ramot, S, Tal, O. (2023). Attitudes of Healthcare Workers in Israel towards the Fourth Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines,11(2), 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020385.
  • Roy, DN, Biswas, M, Islam, E, Azam, MS. (2022). Potential factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 17, 1-20. e0265496.
  • Saied, SM, Saied, EM, Kabbash, IA, Abdo, SAE. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy: Beliefs and barriers associated with COVID-19 vaccination among Egyptian medical students. Journal of medical virology, 93(7), 4280–4291. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26910.
  • Sallam, M. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates. Vaccines , 9, 160.
  • Singh, P, Dhalaria, P, Kashyap, S, Soni, GK, Nandi, P, Ghosh, S et al. (2022). Strategies to overcome vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review. Systematic reviews, 11(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-01941-4.
  • Wang, MW, Wen, W, Wang, N, Zhou, MY, Wang, CY, Ni, J, vd. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Among Healthcare Workers and Non-healthcare Workers in China: A Survey. Frontiers in public health, 9, 709056. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709056 .
  • Wang, Y., Liu, Y. (2021). Multilevel determinants of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the United States: A rapid systematic review. Prev. Med. Rep. , 25, 101673.
  • WHO, World Health Organization. (2014). Report of the SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy. https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_4)WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf, 01.02. 2022.
  • WHO, World Health Organization.(2019). COVID-19 advice for the public: Getting vaccinated. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice, 29.04. 2022. Yılmaz, N, Öke, P, Sönmez, S. (2021). Aşı Tereddüdü Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlik Ve Güvenirliği. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 9(3), 499-517. DOI: 10.22139/jobs.962519.
  • Yiğit, M, Ozkaya-Parlakay, A, Senel, E. (2021). Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance of healthcare providers in a tertiary Pediatric hospital. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 17(9), 2946–2950. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1918523.

MEASURING COVID-19 VACCINE HESITANCY AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 61 - 86, 04.05.2023

Zakir Tekin İstem Köymen Keser

https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1275787

Öz

Objective: While an effective vaccine against COVID-19 is the most anticipated solution, there are high levels of vaccine hesitancy that occurs even in healthcare workers, who are the group most affected by the pandemic. This has become an issue that needs to be examined urgently for the correct management of future pandemics. The aim of this study is to determine the vaccine hesitancy levels of healthcare workers and related factors.
Materials and Methods: An online survey consisting of 43 questions was conducted between October 2, 2022, and October 15, 2022, with the participation of 295 respondents. The questionnaire includes the participants' knowledge levels about vaccine and vaccination, their level of hesitation about vaccination, and demographic characteristics that are expected to be effective on these hesitancy levels, as well as statements based on a Likert scale about vaccine and vaccination processes. The questions are not hypothetical as the questionnaires are administered more than a year after the initial vaccination process.
Results: 89.2% of the participants were vaccinated. 69.96% of those vaccinated; vaccine hesitations were marked above 3 on the scale between 0 and 10 (0= have no hesitation, 10=high hesitancy), and 35.74% marked 8 and above. It can be said that the hesitancy level of married people is higher than that of single people, and the rate of unvaccinated men is 1.94 times that of women. Although our participants were healthcare workers, it was seen that 63.7% of 5 questions answered less than 3 correct answers in information questions about vaccination. This is the biggest indicator of the lack of accurate information on vaccination.
Conclusion: Most of the participants reported that they were undecided about the safety, efficacy and benefits of the vaccine. Avoidance of short-term and long-term side effects of the vaccine has come to the fore. When the relations between the level of hesitation and vaccine acceptance rates with the level of knowledge are examined, it is seen that the participants with low level of knowledge have high level of hesitation and low vaccination rates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Emergency Healthcare Workers Vaccine Hesitancy Disaster

Kaynakça

  • Aw, J, Seng, JJB, Seah, SSY, Low, LL. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy—A Scoping Review of Literature in High-Income Countries. Vaccines, 9(8):900. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080900.
  • Bayou, FD, Amare, SN. (2022). Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Associated Factors Among Ethiopian Population: A Systematic Review. Patient Prefer and Adherence, 16, 1093–1103.
  • Biswas, N, Mustapha, T, Khubchandani, J, Price, JH. (2021). The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers. Journal of community health, 46 (6), 1244–1251. DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-00984-3.
  • Cascini F, Pantovic, A, Al-Ajlouni, Y, Failla, G, Ricciardi, W. (2021). Attitudes, acceptance and hesitancy among the general population worldwide to receive the COVID-19 vaccines and their contributing factors: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine, 40, 101113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101113.
  • Dyda, A, King, C, Dey, A, Leask, J, Dunn, AG. (2020). Asystematic review of studies that measure parental vaccine attitudes and beliefs in childhood vaccination. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1253. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09327-8.
  • Dzieciolowska, S, Hamel, D, Gadio, S, Dionne, M, Gagnon, D, Robitaille , L, vd. (2021). Covid-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal among Canadian healthcare workers: A multicenter survey. American journal of infection control, 49(9), 1152–1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.04.079.
  • El-Sokkary, RH, El Seifi, OS, Hassan, HM, Mortada, EM, Maiada Hashem, K, Gadelrab, MRMA, Rehab, MET. (2021). Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Egyptian healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC infectious diseases, 21(1), 762. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06392-1.
  • Ergün, A, Bekar, A, Aras, B, Dere, C, Tekneci, D, Sarıçiçek, G, vd. (2022). Determination of novel coronavirus disease (covıd-19) vaccine hesitancy using a systematic review approach based on the scientific articles in pubmed database. Turk Thorac Journal, 23 (1): 70-84.
  • Eritsyan, KY, Antonova, NA, Tsvetkova LA. (2017). Studying anti-vaccination behavior and attitudes: a systematic review of methods. Psychology in Russia, 10(1), 178-197.
  • Ghare, F, Meckawy, R, Moore, M, Lomazzi, M. (2023). Determinants of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare and Public Health Professionals: A Review. Vaccines, 11(2), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020311.
  • Gualano, MR, Olivero, E, Voglino, G, Corezzi, M, Rossello, P, Vicentini, C et al. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards compulsory vaccination: a systematic review. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 15(4), 918–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1564437.
  • Hajure, M, Tariku, M, Bekele, F, Abdu, Z, Dule, A, Mohammedhussein,M., Tsegaye , T. (2021). Attitude Towards COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review. Infection and drug resistance, 14, 3883–3897. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S332792.
  • Holzmann-Littig, C, Braunisch, MC, Kranke, P, Popp, M, Seeber, C, Fichtner, F et al. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Germany. Vaccines, 9(7), 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070777.
  • Larson, HJ, Jarrett, C, Eckersberger, E, Smith, DM, Paterson, P. (2014). Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine, 32(19), 2150–2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.081.
  • Ledda, C, Costantino, C, Cuccia, M, Maltezou, HC, Rapisarda, V. (2021). Attitudes of Healthcare Personnel towards Vaccinations before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(5), 2703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052703.
  • MacDonald, NE, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy . (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161–4164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
  • Meyer, MN, Gjorgjieva, T, Rosica, D. (2021). Trends in Health Care Worker Intentions to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine and Reasons for Hesitancy. JAMA network open, 4(3), e215344. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.5344.
  • Mills, E, Jadad, AR, Ross, C, Wilson, K. (2005). Systematic review of qualitative studies exploring parental beliefs and attitudes toward childhood vaccination identifies common barriers to vaccination. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 58(11), 1081–1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.002.
  • Mohammed, R, Nguse, TM, Habte, BM, Fentie, AM, Gebretekle, GB. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Ethiopian healthcare workers. PloS one, 16(12), 1-15. e0261125. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261125.
  • Momplaisir, FM, Kuter, BJ, Ghadimi, F, Browne, S, Nkwihoreze, H, Feemster, KA, vd. (2021). Racial/Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Health Care Workers in 2 Large Academic Hospitals. JAMA network open, 4(8), e2121931. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21931.
  • Öztürk, R. (2021). Exploring healthcare professionals’ views and approaches regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 4(5), 692-697. DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.952354.
  • Pal, S, Shekhar, R, Kottewar, S, Upadhyay, S, Singh, M, Pathak, D, vd.. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Attitude toward Booster Doses among US Healthcare Workers. Vaccines, 9(11), 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111358.
  • Pandher, R, Bilszta, JLC. (2023). Novel COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, and associated factors, amongst medical students: a scoping review. Medical education online, 28(1), 2175620. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2023.2175620.
  • Patwary, MM., Alam, MA, Bardhan, M, Disha, AS, Haque, MZ, Billah, SM et al. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines, 10, 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/ vaccines10030427.
  • Paudel, S, Palaian, S, Shankar, PR, Subedi, N. (2021). Risk Perception and Hesitancy Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers and Staff at a Medical College in Nepal. Risk management and healthcare policy, 14, 2253–2261. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S310289.
  • Pekcan, B, Cai, P, Olivias, P. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Acceptance in the Global Context: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Global Health, 11(2).
  • Portoghese, I, Siddi, M, Chessa, L , Costanzo, G , Garcia-Larsen, V , Perra, A et al. (2023). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Italian Healthcare Workers: Latent Profiles and Their Relationships to Predictors and Outcome. Vaccines, 11(2), 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020273.
  • Quattan, AMN, Alshareef, N, Alsharqi, O, Al Rahahleh, N, Chirwa, GC, Al-Hanawi, MK. (2021). Acceptability of a COVID-19 Vaccine Among Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in medicine, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.644300.
  • Ramot, S, Tal, O. (2023). Attitudes of Healthcare Workers in Israel towards the Fourth Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines,11(2), 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020385.
  • Roy, DN, Biswas, M, Islam, E, Azam, MS. (2022). Potential factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 17, 1-20. e0265496.
  • Saied, SM, Saied, EM, Kabbash, IA, Abdo, SAE. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy: Beliefs and barriers associated with COVID-19 vaccination among Egyptian medical students. Journal of medical virology, 93(7), 4280–4291. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26910.
  • Sallam, M. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates. Vaccines , 9, 160.
  • Singh, P, Dhalaria, P, Kashyap, S, Soni, GK, Nandi, P, Ghosh, S et al. (2022). Strategies to overcome vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review. Systematic reviews, 11(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-01941-4.
  • Wang, MW, Wen, W, Wang, N, Zhou, MY, Wang, CY, Ni, J, vd. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Among Healthcare Workers and Non-healthcare Workers in China: A Survey. Frontiers in public health, 9, 709056. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.709056 .
  • Wang, Y., Liu, Y. (2021). Multilevel determinants of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the United States: A rapid systematic review. Prev. Med. Rep. , 25, 101673.
  • WHO, World Health Organization. (2014). Report of the SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy. https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_4)WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf, 01.02. 2022.
  • WHO, World Health Organization.(2019). COVID-19 advice for the public: Getting vaccinated. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice, 29.04. 2022. Yılmaz, N, Öke, P, Sönmez, S. (2021). Aşı Tereddüdü Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlik Ve Güvenirliği. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 9(3), 499-517. DOI: 10.22139/jobs.962519.
  • Yiğit, M, Ozkaya-Parlakay, A, Senel, E. (2021). Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance of healthcare providers in a tertiary Pediatric hospital. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 17(9), 2946–2950. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1918523.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmetleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Zakir Tekin 0009-0003-3492-6821

İstem Köymen Keser 0000-0003-2123-188X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tekin, Z., & Keser, İ. K. (2023). SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ARASINDA COVID-19 AŞILAMA TEREDDÜDÜNÜN ÖLÇÜMLENMESİ. Hastane Öncesi Dergisi, 8(1), 61-86. https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1275787
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