Öz
Bu çalışma insan hareketliliğinin fazla olduğu yerlerde, düşük güçlü uygulamalar için zemine yerleştirilen piezoelektrik seramik dönüştürücülere dayalı deneysel bir enerji hasat sistemini tanıtmaktadır. Yalnızca bir PZT’nin üretebildiği gerilim tek başına bir sisteme enerji verebilecek seviyede değildir. Bu yüzden PZT’ler hasat edilen gücü en üst seviyeye çıkarabilecek uygun devre topolojisiyle seri ve paralel bağlanarak elde edilecek toplam güç arttırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmada 20 × 30 cm’lik ahşap bir zeminin her bir kısa kenarına 5 adet PZT yerleştirilmiş, toplamda 10 adet PZT’den 10 adet gerilim ikileyici ile enerji hasadı yapılmıştır. Dört farklı ağırlıkta birey üç farklı yürüme hızında bir dakika boyunca deney düzeneğine basmış ve tüm sonuçlar grafiksel olarak elde edilmiştir. Yük olarak 220 KΩ direnç kullanılmıştır. Deney düzeneği 48 kg ağırlığındaki bireyle test edildiğinde maksimum 23,42 μW (2,27 volt), 58 kg ağırlığında 13,13 μW (1,70 volt), 71 kg ağırlığında 59,56 μW (3,62 volt), 85 kg ağırlığında 55,68 μW (3,50 volt) gerilim hasat edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar aynı bireyin yürüme hızı arttıkça elde edilecek ortalama gerilimin yükseldiğini, ayrıca aynı yürüme hızlarındaki bireylerden ağır olanın daha fazla enerji hasat edilmesini sağladığını göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Zhang B., Liu H., Zhou S. et al. A review of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits in discrete components. Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed. 2022; 43: 1001-1026.
- Akkaya Oy S. A design of mass-spring type piezoelectric energy harvesting. Scientia Iranica D 2021; 28(6): 3504-3511.
- Li C., Yang F., Liu P., Fu C., Liu Q., Zhao H., Lin P. Development and Piezoelectric Properties of a Stack Units-Based Piezoelectric Device for Roadway Application. Sensors 2021; 21: 7708.
- Cho J. Y., Kim K. B., Hwang W. S., Yang C. H., Ahn J. H., Do Hong S., ... & Sung T. H. A multifunctional road-compatible piezoelectric energy harvester for autonomous driver-assist LED indicators with a self-monitoring system. Applied Energy 2019; 242: 294-301.
- Jeon D. H., Cho J. Y., Jhun J. P., Ahn J. H., Jeong S., Jeong S. Y., ... & Sung T. H. A lever-type piezoelectric energy harvester with deformation-guiding mechanism for electric vehicle charging station on smart road. Energy 2021; 218: 119540.
- Shenck N., Paradiso J. Energy Scavenging with Shoe-Mounted Piezo-Electrics. IEEE Micro 2001; 21(3): 30–42.
- Nimachwala A., Pandya A. Energy harvesting in the form of electricity by Piezo–Cells by placing them in a pair of shoes and storing energy in Power Bank. Materials Today: Proceedings 2022; 67(1): 51-55.
- Wang J. X., Li J. C., Su W. B., Zhao X., Wang C. M. A multi-folded-beam piezoelectric energy harvester for wideband energy harvesting under ultra-low harmonic acceleration. Energy Reports 2022; 8: 6521-6529.
- Yang Kuang, Tingwen Ruan, Zheng Jun Chew, Meiling Zhu, Energy harvesting during human walking to power a wireless sensor node. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2017; 254: 69-77.
- Frontoni E., Mancini A., Zingaretti P., Gatto A. Energy harvesting for smart shoes: A real life application. Proceedings of the ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference IDETC/CIE 2013. 4. 10.1115/DETC2013-12310. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
- Starner T. Human Powered Wearable Computing. IBM Systems J. 1996; 35: 618-629.
- Rocha J. G., Goncalves L. M., Rocha P. F., Silva M. P., Lanceros-Mendez S. Energy Harvesting From Piezoelectric Materials Fully Integrated in Footwear. In IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2010; 57: 813-819
- Iswanto, Suripto S., Mujahid F., Putra K.T., Apriyanto N.P., Apriani Yosi. Energy Harvesting on Footsteps Using Piezoelectric based on Circuit LCT3588 and Boost up Converter. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018; 8: 4104-4110.
- Boutaldat M., Chakhchaoui N., Eddiai A., Meddad M., Cherkaoui O., Rguiti M., Mazroui M. H. Modeling and electromechanical performance analysis of polyvinylidene difluoride/textile‐system for energy harvesting from the human body toward a novel class of self‐powered sensors. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2022; 33:.
- Lim C. H., NajibAl-Fadhali, Majid H., Gismalla M., Mukred J. A. A., Najmaddin Abo Mosali. Footstep power generation using piezoelectric transducers. Progress in Engineering Application and Technology 2022; 3(1): 454–469.
- Kymissis J., Kendall C., Paradiso J., Gershenfeld N. Parasitic power harvesting in shoes. Digest of papers. Second international symposium on wearable computers (Cat. No. 98EX215) 1998; :132-139.
- Apriyanto N. P., Firmansyah E., Putranto L. M. Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for IoT Sensor Devices. IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 2021; 5(4): 124-129.
- Qian F., Xu T. B., Zuo, L. Piezoelectric energy harvesting from human walking using a two-stage amplification mechanism. Energy 2019; 189: 116140.
- Deng F., Cai Y., Fan X., Gui P., Chen, J. Pressure-type generator for harvesting mechanical energy from human gait. Energy 2019; 171: 785-794.
- Zhong X., Wang H., Chen L., Guan M. Design and Comparative Study of a Small-Stroke Energy Harvesting Floor Based on a Multi-Layer Piezoelectric Beam Structure. Micromachines 2022; 13(5): 736.
- Song G. J., Cho J. Y., Kim K. B., Ahn J. H., Song Y., Hwang W., Hong S. D., Sung T. H. Development of a pavement block piezoelectric energy harvester for self-powered walkway applications. Applied Energy 2019; 256: 113916.
- Wang W., Cao, J., Bowen, C.R., et al. Optimum resistance analysis and experimental verification of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting from human motion. Energy 2017; 118: 221-230.
- Türkmen A.C., Çelik C. Energy harvesting with the piezoelectric material integrated shoe. Energy 2018; 150: 556-564.
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., P19E7.pdf 02.6.26: 2-4.
- Akkaya Oy S. A piezoelectric energy harvesting from the vibration of the airflow around a moving vehicle. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2020; 30(12): e12655.
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., P37E.pdf.
Öz
This study introduces an experimental energy harvesting system based on ground-mounted piezoelectric ceramic transducers for low-power applications where human mobility is high. The voltage that only a PZT can produce is not at a level that can energize a system alone. Therefore, the total power to be obtained has been increased by connecting PZTs in series and parallel with the appropriate circuit topology that can maximize the harvested power. In the experimental study, 5 PZTs were placed on each short side of a 20 × 30 cm wooden floor, and energy was harvested from 10 PZTs in total with 10 voltage doublers. Individuals of four different weights stepped on the experimental setup for one minute at three different walking speeds and all results were obtained graphically. A 220 KΩ resistor is used as load. When the experimental setup was tested with an individual weighing 48 kg, a maximum power 23.42 μW (2.27 volts), 13.13 μW (1.70 volts) for 58 kg, 59.56 μW (3.62 volts) for 71 kg and 55.68 μW (3.50 volts) for 85 kg was harvested. Experimental results have shown that as the walking speed of the same individual increases, the average tension to be obtained increases, and the heavier individuals at the same walking speeds provide more energy harvest.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Zhang B., Liu H., Zhou S. et al. A review of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits in discrete components. Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed. 2022; 43: 1001-1026.
- Akkaya Oy S. A design of mass-spring type piezoelectric energy harvesting. Scientia Iranica D 2021; 28(6): 3504-3511.
- Li C., Yang F., Liu P., Fu C., Liu Q., Zhao H., Lin P. Development and Piezoelectric Properties of a Stack Units-Based Piezoelectric Device for Roadway Application. Sensors 2021; 21: 7708.
- Cho J. Y., Kim K. B., Hwang W. S., Yang C. H., Ahn J. H., Do Hong S., ... & Sung T. H. A multifunctional road-compatible piezoelectric energy harvester for autonomous driver-assist LED indicators with a self-monitoring system. Applied Energy 2019; 242: 294-301.
- Jeon D. H., Cho J. Y., Jhun J. P., Ahn J. H., Jeong S., Jeong S. Y., ... & Sung T. H. A lever-type piezoelectric energy harvester with deformation-guiding mechanism for electric vehicle charging station on smart road. Energy 2021; 218: 119540.
- Shenck N., Paradiso J. Energy Scavenging with Shoe-Mounted Piezo-Electrics. IEEE Micro 2001; 21(3): 30–42.
- Nimachwala A., Pandya A. Energy harvesting in the form of electricity by Piezo–Cells by placing them in a pair of shoes and storing energy in Power Bank. Materials Today: Proceedings 2022; 67(1): 51-55.
- Wang J. X., Li J. C., Su W. B., Zhao X., Wang C. M. A multi-folded-beam piezoelectric energy harvester for wideband energy harvesting under ultra-low harmonic acceleration. Energy Reports 2022; 8: 6521-6529.
- Yang Kuang, Tingwen Ruan, Zheng Jun Chew, Meiling Zhu, Energy harvesting during human walking to power a wireless sensor node. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2017; 254: 69-77.
- Frontoni E., Mancini A., Zingaretti P., Gatto A. Energy harvesting for smart shoes: A real life application. Proceedings of the ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference IDETC/CIE 2013. 4. 10.1115/DETC2013-12310. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
- Starner T. Human Powered Wearable Computing. IBM Systems J. 1996; 35: 618-629.
- Rocha J. G., Goncalves L. M., Rocha P. F., Silva M. P., Lanceros-Mendez S. Energy Harvesting From Piezoelectric Materials Fully Integrated in Footwear. In IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2010; 57: 813-819
- Iswanto, Suripto S., Mujahid F., Putra K.T., Apriyanto N.P., Apriani Yosi. Energy Harvesting on Footsteps Using Piezoelectric based on Circuit LCT3588 and Boost up Converter. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018; 8: 4104-4110.
- Boutaldat M., Chakhchaoui N., Eddiai A., Meddad M., Cherkaoui O., Rguiti M., Mazroui M. H. Modeling and electromechanical performance analysis of polyvinylidene difluoride/textile‐system for energy harvesting from the human body toward a novel class of self‐powered sensors. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2022; 33:.
- Lim C. H., NajibAl-Fadhali, Majid H., Gismalla M., Mukred J. A. A., Najmaddin Abo Mosali. Footstep power generation using piezoelectric transducers. Progress in Engineering Application and Technology 2022; 3(1): 454–469.
- Kymissis J., Kendall C., Paradiso J., Gershenfeld N. Parasitic power harvesting in shoes. Digest of papers. Second international symposium on wearable computers (Cat. No. 98EX215) 1998; :132-139.
- Apriyanto N. P., Firmansyah E., Putranto L. M. Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for IoT Sensor Devices. IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 2021; 5(4): 124-129.
- Qian F., Xu T. B., Zuo, L. Piezoelectric energy harvesting from human walking using a two-stage amplification mechanism. Energy 2019; 189: 116140.
- Deng F., Cai Y., Fan X., Gui P., Chen, J. Pressure-type generator for harvesting mechanical energy from human gait. Energy 2019; 171: 785-794.
- Zhong X., Wang H., Chen L., Guan M. Design and Comparative Study of a Small-Stroke Energy Harvesting Floor Based on a Multi-Layer Piezoelectric Beam Structure. Micromachines 2022; 13(5): 736.
- Song G. J., Cho J. Y., Kim K. B., Ahn J. H., Song Y., Hwang W., Hong S. D., Sung T. H. Development of a pavement block piezoelectric energy harvester for self-powered walkway applications. Applied Energy 2019; 256: 113916.
- Wang W., Cao, J., Bowen, C.R., et al. Optimum resistance analysis and experimental verification of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting from human motion. Energy 2017; 118: 221-230.
- Türkmen A.C., Çelik C. Energy harvesting with the piezoelectric material integrated shoe. Energy 2018; 150: 556-564.
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., P19E7.pdf 02.6.26: 2-4.
- Akkaya Oy S. A piezoelectric energy harvesting from the vibration of the airflow around a moving vehicle. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2020; 30(12): e12655.
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., P37E.pdf.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | MBD |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Mart 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 7 Nisan 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1 |
