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Antalya Bazı Kent Parklarındaki Odunsu Bitki Taksonlarının Ekolojik Tölerans Kriterleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 119 - 136, 15.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1177812

Öz

Küresel iklim değişikliğinin gün geçtikçe dünyayı daha fazla etkisi altına alması ve su varlığının azalması, özellikle kentsel alanlarda yapılan peyzaj düzenleme çalışmalarında ekolojik tasarım yaklaşımlarının benimsenmesini ve sürdürülebilir bitkisel tasarımlar için bitki seçimlerinde bitki türlerinin ekolojik tolerans durumlarının dikkate alınmasını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Antalya kent merkezinde bulunan Karaalioğlu Parkı, Akdeniz Kent Parkı ve Expo 2016 Antalya Parkı’nda kullanılan odunsu peyzaj bitkileri belirlenerek bitkilerin ekolojik tolerans (hava kirliliği, don, kuraklık, tuz, ısı ve rüzgâr) durumları ile ışık istekleri ve su tüketimleri değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen bu parklarda toplam 49 familyaya ait 112 odunsu bitki taksonunun kullanıldığı ve bunlardan 57’inin ağaç, 50’sinin çalı ve 5’inin ise sarılıcı bitki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamındaki parkların tümünde tespit edilen bitki taksonları değerlendirildiğinde, bitki taksonlarının %84,82’sinin hava kirliliğine, %58,04’ünün dona, %75,00’inin kuraklığa, %41,07’sinin tuza, %70,54’ünün rüzgâra ve %75,00’sinin de ısıya yüksek tölerans gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Parklarda tespit edilen odunsu taksonların büyük çoğunluğunun ışık isteğinin Güneş/Yarı Gölge ve su tüketiminin ise Orta grubunda olduğu saptanmıştır. Parkların özelliklerine ve bulundukları konumlara göre bitki seçiminde su tüketimleri düşük, çoğu ekolojik tölerans kriterine göre töleransları yüksek taksonların seçimine dikkat edilerek tasarımların yapıldığı belirlenmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Appleton, B., Huff, R.R., French. S.C. (1999). Evaluating trees for saltwater spray tolerance for oceanfront sites. Journal of Arboriculture. 25 (4), 205-210.
  • Bharti, S.K., Trivedi, A., Kumar N. (2018). Air pollution tolerance index of plants growing near an industrial sit. Urban Climate, 24: 820-829.
  • Bita, C.R., Gerats, T. (2013). Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment: scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops. Front Plant Sci., 4; 273.
  • Espeland, E.K., Kettenring, K.M. (2018). Strategic plant choices can alleviate climate change impacts: a review. J. Environ. Manage. 222; 316–324.
  • Ganesan, N., Arul Pragasan, L. (2017). Assessment Of Air Pollution Tolerance Levels Of Selected Plants At Tamaka Industrial Sıte Of Kolar, Karnataka, India. Indian J.Sci.Res. 17 (1): 25-29.
  • Gowland, P.N. (1976). Trees and shrubs for the western region of Sydney. Canberra, ACT: CSIRO Division of Land Use Research; 1976-09. https://doi.org/10.4225/08/596914cf91bc6
  • Grive, C. M., Grattan, S. R., Mass, E. V. (2012). Plant Salt Tolerance. – In: Wallender, W., Tanji, K. (eds.) Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. Chapter 13. ASCE, Reston, pp. 405-459.
  • Grote, R., Samson, R., Alonso, R., Amorim, J.H., Cari˜nanos, P., Churkina, G., Fares, S., Thiec, D.L., Niinemets, Ü., Mikkelsen, T.N., Paoletti, E., Tiwary, A., Calfapietra, C. (2016). Functional traits of urban trees: air pollution mitigation potential. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14 (10), 543–550.
  • Horaginamani, S.M., Ravichandran, M., Kamdod, A. S. M. (2012). Air Pollution Tolerance of Selected Plant Species Considered for urban Green Belt Development in Tiruchy. World journal of Environmental Bioscience, 1(1), 51-54.
  • Jin, C., Hu, S., Huang, L., Huang, J., Jim, C. Y., Qian, S., Pang, M., Lin, D., Zhao, L., Hu, Y., Song, K., Chen, S., Liu, J., Ignatieva, M., Yang, Y. (2021). Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 64; 127292.
  • Koca, A. (2017). Yeşil Çatı Sistemlerinin Sürdürülebilir Kent Yaşamına Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi (Assesment Of Effects Of Green Roof Systems On Sustainable City Life). Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gebze.
  • Kösa, S. , Mansuroğlu, S. (2018). Antalya Kosullarında Bazı Örnek Alanlardaki Bitki Türlerinin Hava Kirliligine Dayanıklılıgının Bitkisel Tasarım Kapsamında Degerlendirilmesi. ISUEP2018 Uluslararası Kentlesme ve Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu: Degisim/Dönüsüm/Özgünlük, 222-229.
  • Kösa, S., Mansuroğlu, S., Güral, S.M., Dağ V. (2019). Antalya Kosullarında Çatı Bahçelerinde Kullanılabilecek Bazı Bitki Türlerinin Iklim Ölçütlerine Kapsamında Degerlendirilmesi. I.International Ornamental Plants Congress, 665-680.
  • Küpe M., Köse C. (2013). Hava Kirliliğinin Asmalar Üzerindeki Etkileri. Meyve Bilimi, 1 (1), 27-33.
  • Manoli, G., Fatichi, S., Schl¨apfer, M., Yu, K.L., Crowther, T.W., Meili, N., Burlando, P., Katul, G.G., Bou-Zeid, E. (2019). Magnitude of urban heat islands largely explained by climate and population. Nature, 573; 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586- 019-1512-9.
  • Norton, B.A., Coutts, A.M., Livesley, S.J., Harris, R.J., Hunter, A.M., Williams, N.S.G. (2015). Planning for cooler cities: a framework to prioritise green infrastructure to mitigate high temperatures in urban landscapes. Landsc. Urban Plan. 134; 127–138.
  • Raza, A., Ashraf, F., Zou, X., Zhang, X., Tosif, H. (2020). Plant adaptation and tolerance to environmental stresses: Mechanisms andperspectives. In Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives; Hasanuzzaman, M., Ed.;Springer: Singapore, pp. 117–145.
  • Silva, R.A., West, J.J., Zhang, Y.Q., Anenberg, S.C., Lamarque, J.-F., Shindell, D.T., Collins, W.J., Dalsoren, S., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G., Horowitz, L.W., Nagashima, T., Naik, V., Rumbold, S., Skeie, R., Sudo, K., Takemura, T., Bergmann, D., Cameron- Smith, P., Cionni, I., Doherty, R.M., Eyring, V., Josse, B., MacKenzie, I.A., Plummer, D., Righi, M., Stevenson, D.S., Strode, S., Szopa, S., Zeng, G. (2013). Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change. Environ. Res. Lett. 8 (3), 034005.
  • Tabassum, S., Ossola, A. Manea, A., Cinantya, A., Fernandez Winzer, L., Leishman M.R. (2020). Using ecological knowledge for landscaping with plants in cities. Ecological Engineering, 158; 106049.
  • Tolderlund L. (2010). Design Guidelines and Maintenance Manual for Green Roofs in the Semi-Arid and Arid West. Green Roof Professional (GRP) Accreditation,14-28, Denver, USA, 10 November.
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  • URL-3, (2021). https://aggiehorticulture.tamu.edu/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-4, (2021). https://landscapeplants.aub.edu.lb/Plants/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-5, (2021). http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/ . Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-6, (2021). http://www.mediterraneangardensocietyarchive.org/j-art-heat.html.Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-7, (2021). http://www.fao.org/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-8, (2021). https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-9, (2021). https://web.extension.illinois.edu/shrubselector/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-10, (2021). https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ . Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-11, (2021). https://watereuse.org/salinity-management/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-12, (2021). https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/plants-that-tolerate-drought/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
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  • URL-14, (2021). https://www.depts.ttu.edu/plantresources/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-15, (2021). https://www.echocommunity.org/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
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  • URL-17, (2021). https://www.huntersville.org/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
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  • UTL-19, (2021). https://www.cityservices.act.gov.au/data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1378543/Municipal-Infrastructure-Standards-25-Plant-Species-for-Urban-Landscape-Projects.pdf. Erişim Tarihi:05.06.2021.
  • URL-20, (2021).http://www.dot.ri.gov/documents/about/research/RIDOT_Salt_Tolerant_Tree_and_Shrub_Guide_August2010.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-21, (2021). https://www.surfcitync.gov/DocumentCenter/View/54/Salt-Tolerant-Plants-PDF. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • Valladares, F., Chico, J.M., Aranda, I., Balaguer, L., Dizengremel, P., Manrique, E., Dreyer, E. (2002). The greater seedling highlight tolerance of Quercus robur over Fagus sylvatica is linked to a greater physiological plasticity. TreesStructure and Function, 16; 395-403.
  • Wolch, J.R., Byrne, J., Newell, J.P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: the challenge of making cities ‘just green enough. Landsc. Urban Plan. 125; 234–244.
  • Yener, D. (2020). Sustainable use of plants in coastal areas of Istanbul. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(2), 123-130.
  • Zencirkıran, M. (2009). Determination of native woody landscape plants in Bursa and Uludağ. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (21), 5737-5746.
  • Zencirkıran, M., Seyidoğlu Akdeniz, N. (2017). Bursa Kent Parkları Odunsu Bitki Taksonlarının Ekolojik Tölerans Kriterleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (2), 11-19.

Evaluation of Woody Plant Taxa in Some Urban Parks of Antalya in Terms of Ecological Tolerance Criteria

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 119 - 136, 15.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1177812

Öz

The fact that global climate change affects the world more and more and the decrease in water availability brings to the fore the adoption of ecological design approaches, especially in landscaping studies in urban areas, and taking into account the ecological tolerance status of plant species in plant selection for sustainable planting designs. In this study, the woody landscape plants used in Karaalioğlu Park, Akdeniz City Park and Expo 2016 Antalya Park in the city center of Antalya were determined and ecological tolerance (air pollution, frost, drought, salt, heat, and wind) status of the plants, light demands and water consumption were determined. It was determined that 112 woody plant taxa belonging to 49 families were used in these parks, 57 of which were trees, 50 of which were shrubs and 5 of which were climbing plants. It was determined that the majority of taxa were in the Sun/Semi-Shade group and their water consumption was in the Medium group. It was determined that the designs were conducted by considering the selection of taxa with low water consumption and high tolerance according to most ecological tolerance criteria in the selection of plants according to the characteristics of the parks and their locations.

Kaynakça

  • Appleton, B., Huff, R.R., French. S.C. (1999). Evaluating trees for saltwater spray tolerance for oceanfront sites. Journal of Arboriculture. 25 (4), 205-210.
  • Bharti, S.K., Trivedi, A., Kumar N. (2018). Air pollution tolerance index of plants growing near an industrial sit. Urban Climate, 24: 820-829.
  • Bita, C.R., Gerats, T. (2013). Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment: scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops. Front Plant Sci., 4; 273.
  • Espeland, E.K., Kettenring, K.M. (2018). Strategic plant choices can alleviate climate change impacts: a review. J. Environ. Manage. 222; 316–324.
  • Ganesan, N., Arul Pragasan, L. (2017). Assessment Of Air Pollution Tolerance Levels Of Selected Plants At Tamaka Industrial Sıte Of Kolar, Karnataka, India. Indian J.Sci.Res. 17 (1): 25-29.
  • Gowland, P.N. (1976). Trees and shrubs for the western region of Sydney. Canberra, ACT: CSIRO Division of Land Use Research; 1976-09. https://doi.org/10.4225/08/596914cf91bc6
  • Grive, C. M., Grattan, S. R., Mass, E. V. (2012). Plant Salt Tolerance. – In: Wallender, W., Tanji, K. (eds.) Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. Chapter 13. ASCE, Reston, pp. 405-459.
  • Grote, R., Samson, R., Alonso, R., Amorim, J.H., Cari˜nanos, P., Churkina, G., Fares, S., Thiec, D.L., Niinemets, Ü., Mikkelsen, T.N., Paoletti, E., Tiwary, A., Calfapietra, C. (2016). Functional traits of urban trees: air pollution mitigation potential. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14 (10), 543–550.
  • Horaginamani, S.M., Ravichandran, M., Kamdod, A. S. M. (2012). Air Pollution Tolerance of Selected Plant Species Considered for urban Green Belt Development in Tiruchy. World journal of Environmental Bioscience, 1(1), 51-54.
  • Jin, C., Hu, S., Huang, L., Huang, J., Jim, C. Y., Qian, S., Pang, M., Lin, D., Zhao, L., Hu, Y., Song, K., Chen, S., Liu, J., Ignatieva, M., Yang, Y. (2021). Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 64; 127292.
  • Koca, A. (2017). Yeşil Çatı Sistemlerinin Sürdürülebilir Kent Yaşamına Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi (Assesment Of Effects Of Green Roof Systems On Sustainable City Life). Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gebze.
  • Kösa, S. , Mansuroğlu, S. (2018). Antalya Kosullarında Bazı Örnek Alanlardaki Bitki Türlerinin Hava Kirliligine Dayanıklılıgının Bitkisel Tasarım Kapsamında Degerlendirilmesi. ISUEP2018 Uluslararası Kentlesme ve Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu: Degisim/Dönüsüm/Özgünlük, 222-229.
  • Kösa, S., Mansuroğlu, S., Güral, S.M., Dağ V. (2019). Antalya Kosullarında Çatı Bahçelerinde Kullanılabilecek Bazı Bitki Türlerinin Iklim Ölçütlerine Kapsamında Degerlendirilmesi. I.International Ornamental Plants Congress, 665-680.
  • Küpe M., Köse C. (2013). Hava Kirliliğinin Asmalar Üzerindeki Etkileri. Meyve Bilimi, 1 (1), 27-33.
  • Manoli, G., Fatichi, S., Schl¨apfer, M., Yu, K.L., Crowther, T.W., Meili, N., Burlando, P., Katul, G.G., Bou-Zeid, E. (2019). Magnitude of urban heat islands largely explained by climate and population. Nature, 573; 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586- 019-1512-9.
  • Norton, B.A., Coutts, A.M., Livesley, S.J., Harris, R.J., Hunter, A.M., Williams, N.S.G. (2015). Planning for cooler cities: a framework to prioritise green infrastructure to mitigate high temperatures in urban landscapes. Landsc. Urban Plan. 134; 127–138.
  • Raza, A., Ashraf, F., Zou, X., Zhang, X., Tosif, H. (2020). Plant adaptation and tolerance to environmental stresses: Mechanisms andperspectives. In Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives; Hasanuzzaman, M., Ed.;Springer: Singapore, pp. 117–145.
  • Silva, R.A., West, J.J., Zhang, Y.Q., Anenberg, S.C., Lamarque, J.-F., Shindell, D.T., Collins, W.J., Dalsoren, S., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G., Horowitz, L.W., Nagashima, T., Naik, V., Rumbold, S., Skeie, R., Sudo, K., Takemura, T., Bergmann, D., Cameron- Smith, P., Cionni, I., Doherty, R.M., Eyring, V., Josse, B., MacKenzie, I.A., Plummer, D., Righi, M., Stevenson, D.S., Strode, S., Szopa, S., Zeng, G. (2013). Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change. Environ. Res. Lett. 8 (3), 034005.
  • Tabassum, S., Ossola, A. Manea, A., Cinantya, A., Fernandez Winzer, L., Leishman M.R. (2020). Using ecological knowledge for landscaping with plants in cities. Ecological Engineering, 158; 106049.
  • Tolderlund L. (2010). Design Guidelines and Maintenance Manual for Green Roofs in the Semi-Arid and Arid West. Green Roof Professional (GRP) Accreditation,14-28, Denver, USA, 10 November.
  • URL-1, (2021). https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/trees/trees_scientific.shtml.Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-2, (2021). https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-3, (2021). https://aggiehorticulture.tamu.edu/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-4, (2021). https://landscapeplants.aub.edu.lb/Plants/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-5, (2021). http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/ . Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-6, (2021). http://www.mediterraneangardensocietyarchive.org/j-art-heat.html.Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-7, (2021). http://www.fao.org/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-8, (2021). https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-9, (2021). https://web.extension.illinois.edu/shrubselector/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-10, (2021). https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ . Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-11, (2021). https://watereuse.org/salinity-management/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-12, (2021). https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/plants-that-tolerate-drought/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-13, (2021). http://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/ . Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-14, (2021). https://www.depts.ttu.edu/plantresources/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-15, (2021). https://www.echocommunity.org/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-16, (2021). https://pfaf.org/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-17, (2021). https://www.huntersville.org/. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-18, (2021). https://standardy.nature.cz/ . Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • UTL-19, (2021). https://www.cityservices.act.gov.au/data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1378543/Municipal-Infrastructure-Standards-25-Plant-Species-for-Urban-Landscape-Projects.pdf. Erişim Tarihi:05.06.2021.
  • URL-20, (2021).http://www.dot.ri.gov/documents/about/research/RIDOT_Salt_Tolerant_Tree_and_Shrub_Guide_August2010.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • URL-21, (2021). https://www.surfcitync.gov/DocumentCenter/View/54/Salt-Tolerant-Plants-PDF. Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2021.
  • Valladares, F., Chico, J.M., Aranda, I., Balaguer, L., Dizengremel, P., Manrique, E., Dreyer, E. (2002). The greater seedling highlight tolerance of Quercus robur over Fagus sylvatica is linked to a greater physiological plasticity. TreesStructure and Function, 16; 395-403.
  • Wolch, J.R., Byrne, J., Newell, J.P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: the challenge of making cities ‘just green enough. Landsc. Urban Plan. 125; 234–244.
  • Yener, D. (2020). Sustainable use of plants in coastal areas of Istanbul. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(2), 123-130.
  • Zencirkıran, M. (2009). Determination of native woody landscape plants in Bursa and Uludağ. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (21), 5737-5746.
  • Zencirkıran, M., Seyidoğlu Akdeniz, N. (2017). Bursa Kent Parkları Odunsu Bitki Taksonlarının Ekolojik Tölerans Kriterleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (2), 11-19.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Selma Kösa 0000-0002-9562-0856

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kösa, S. (2023). Antalya Bazı Kent Parklarındaki Odunsu Bitki Taksonlarının Ekolojik Tölerans Kriterleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1177812


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