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A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 146 - 156, 30.12.2020

Nursen Işık Fatma Meral Halifeoğlu Süleyman İpek

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Fortification, conservation, and restoration of the structures and buildings that can be considered as cultural heritage are very crucial. Diyarbakır, one of the cities included in the UNESCO Cultural Heritage List thanks to its historic city walls and Hevsel gardens, has been home to many of these types of structures and buildings. The current study covers the observational examination of the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers, and city walls. This study aims to determine the structural damages occurred on this part of city walls and then, constitute a path for the conservation and complementation for such types of historic structures. Besides, the study also contains the remedy and suggestion parts for such kinds of damages coming into existence on these types of structures. The observational examinations revealed remarkable structural damages on the load-carrying systems of the gate transitions and towers. Moreover, irregularities and soil coverings on the ground floors of the towers and also, material lost on the city walls and towers as well as slumping were sighted during the examinations. For these problems, the fortification and complementation suggestions have been listed to support holistic conservation and sustainability in the city walls, gate transitions, and towers.

Keywords

City walls Conservation Diyarbakır Heritage Structural damage Urfa Gate

References

  • [1] Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Turkey; 2020 [Cited 2020 April 15]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7818230
  • [2] Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Diyarbakır; 2020 [Cited 2020 April 15]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7123114
  • [3] UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - World Heritage in Turkey; 2016 [Cited 2020 February 10]. Available from: http://www.unesco.org.tr/Content_Files/Content/Yayinlar/wht_2016.pdf
  • [4] Halifeoğlu FM. Castle Architecture in Anatolia; Fortifications of Diyarbakır. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2013;2:209-21.
  • [5] Gabriel A. Voyages Archeologiques Dans La Turquie Orientale. Institut Français D’arceologie de Stamboul E.De Boccard, Paris, France, 1940
  • [6] Halifeoğlu FM, Gökçay G. Restoration and refunction problems of Diyarbakır traditional houses. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2013;14(3):34-7.
  • [7] Işık N. Geleneksel yığma yapılarda taşıyıcı sistem hasarları ve nedenlerinin tespiti ile güçlendirme ve tamamlayıcı müdahale önerileri; Diyarbakır; Suriçi örneği [dissertation]. Diyarbakır: Dicle University; 2017.
  • [8] Halifeoğlu FM. The architectural properties and construction techniques of Diyarbakir city walls. In: Proceedings of International Symposium of the City Walls of Diyarbakır. Diyarbakır: Diyarbakır Culture and Art Publications; 2012. P. 105-21.
  • [9] Aköz F. Damage assessment test and measurement methods of masonry structures. Workshop on Increasing Earthquake Safety in Masonry Structures, 2005.
  • [10] Özçep F, Karabulut S, Özgüven B, Sanlı O. Nondestructive testing methods and ultrasonic velocity measurements. Geophysical Newsletter. 2012;69-71.
  • [11] Parla C. As the Turkish city of Diyarbakir Islam [dissertation]. Ankara: Hacettepe University; 1990.
  • [12] Beysanoğlu S. Anıtları ve kitabeleri ile Diyarbakır tarihi (History of Diyarbakır with Monuments and Inscriptions). Ankara, 1990.
  • [13] Parla C. Diyarbakır Walls and the history of the city. Journal of the Faculty Architecture of METU. 2005;22(1):57-84.
  • [14] Diyarbakır Old Photos. WoW Turkey Photo Archive; 2020 [Cited 2020 February 10]. Available from: http://wowturkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2988786
  • [15] Bayraktar A, Hökelekli E, Halifeoğlu FM, Mosallam A, Karadeniz H. Vertical strong ground motion effects on seismic damage propagations of historical masonry rectangular minarets. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2018;91:115-28.

Tarihi Diyarbakır Surları: Urfa Kapı, Burçları ve Sur Duvarları Örneği için Koruma ve Tamamlama Önerisi

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 146 - 156, 30.12.2020

Nursen Işık Fatma Meral Halifeoğlu Süleyman İpek

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Kültürel miras olarak kabul edilebilecek yapıların ve binaların güçlendirmesi, korunması ve restorasyonu önem arz etmektedir. Tarihi şehir surları ve Hevsel Bahçeleri’nden ötürü UNESCO Kültür Mirası Listesine dahil edilen şehirlerden biri olan Diyarbakır bu tür yapı ve binaların bir çoğuna ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tarihi Diyarbakır Surları’nın: Urfa Kapı, burçları ve sur duvarlarının, gözlemsel incelenmesini kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmayla, surların bahsedilen bölgesinde meydana gelen yapısal hasarları belirlemek ve buna istinaden de bu tarz tarihi yapıların korunması ve tamamlanması için bir yol oluşturmak amaçlandı. Ayrıca, çalışma bu tür yapılarda oluşan bu tarz hasarlar için çözüm ve öneri bölümlerini de içermektedir. Gözlemsel incelemeler, kapı geçişlerinin ve kulelerin yük taşıma sistemlerinde dikkate değer yapısal hasarları ortaya çıkardı. Dahası burçların zemin katlarında bozukluklar ve toprak yığınları, ayrıca sur duvarları ve burçlarda malzeme kayıpları ve çökmeler de incelemeler esnasında görüldü. Bu sorunlar için surlar, kapı geçişleri ve burçlarda bütünsel koruma ve sürdürülebilirliği desteklemek için güçlendirmeye yönelik ve tamamlayıcı müdahale önerileri listelenmektedir.

Keywords

Surlar Koruma Diyarbakır Miras Yapısal hasar Urfa Kapı

References

  • [1] Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Turkey; 2020 [Cited 2020 April 15]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7818230
  • [2] Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Diyarbakır; 2020 [Cited 2020 April 15]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7123114
  • [3] UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - World Heritage in Turkey; 2016 [Cited 2020 February 10]. Available from: http://www.unesco.org.tr/Content_Files/Content/Yayinlar/wht_2016.pdf
  • [4] Halifeoğlu FM. Castle Architecture in Anatolia; Fortifications of Diyarbakır. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2013;2:209-21.
  • [5] Gabriel A. Voyages Archeologiques Dans La Turquie Orientale. Institut Français D’arceologie de Stamboul E.De Boccard, Paris, France, 1940
  • [6] Halifeoğlu FM, Gökçay G. Restoration and refunction problems of Diyarbakır traditional houses. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2013;14(3):34-7.
  • [7] Işık N. Geleneksel yığma yapılarda taşıyıcı sistem hasarları ve nedenlerinin tespiti ile güçlendirme ve tamamlayıcı müdahale önerileri; Diyarbakır; Suriçi örneği [dissertation]. Diyarbakır: Dicle University; 2017.
  • [8] Halifeoğlu FM. The architectural properties and construction techniques of Diyarbakir city walls. In: Proceedings of International Symposium of the City Walls of Diyarbakır. Diyarbakır: Diyarbakır Culture and Art Publications; 2012. P. 105-21.
  • [9] Aköz F. Damage assessment test and measurement methods of masonry structures. Workshop on Increasing Earthquake Safety in Masonry Structures, 2005.
  • [10] Özçep F, Karabulut S, Özgüven B, Sanlı O. Nondestructive testing methods and ultrasonic velocity measurements. Geophysical Newsletter. 2012;69-71.
  • [11] Parla C. As the Turkish city of Diyarbakir Islam [dissertation]. Ankara: Hacettepe University; 1990.
  • [12] Beysanoğlu S. Anıtları ve kitabeleri ile Diyarbakır tarihi (History of Diyarbakır with Monuments and Inscriptions). Ankara, 1990.
  • [13] Parla C. Diyarbakır Walls and the history of the city. Journal of the Faculty Architecture of METU. 2005;22(1):57-84.
  • [14] Diyarbakır Old Photos. WoW Turkey Photo Archive; 2020 [Cited 2020 February 10]. Available from: http://wowturkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2988786
  • [15] Bayraktar A, Hökelekli E, Halifeoğlu FM, Mosallam A, Karadeniz H. Vertical strong ground motion effects on seismic damage propagations of historical masonry rectangular minarets. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2018;91:115-28.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nursen Işık 0000-0002-6125-1896

Fatma Meral Halifeoğlu This is me 0000-0003-2032-3774

Süleyman İpek 0000-0001-8891-949X

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Işık, N., Halifeoğlu, F. M., & İpek, S. (2020). A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 9(2), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031
AMA Işık N, Halifeoğlu FM, İpek S. A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. TJNS. December 2020;9(2):146-156. doi:10.46810/tdfd.726031
Chicago Işık, Nursen, Fatma Meral Halifeoğlu, and Süleyman İpek. “A Proposal for Conservation and Complementation for the Historic Diyarbakır City Walls: The Urfa Gate, Towers and City Walls”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 9, no. 2 (December 2020): 146-56. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031.
EndNote Işık N, Halifeoğlu FM, İpek S (December 1, 2020) A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 9 2 146–156.
IEEE N. Işık, F. M. Halifeoğlu, and S. İpek, “A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls”, TJNS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 146–156, 2020, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.726031.
ISNAD Işık, Nursen et al. “A Proposal for Conservation and Complementation for the Historic Diyarbakır City Walls: The Urfa Gate, Towers and City Walls”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 9/2 (December 2020), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031.
JAMA Işık N, Halifeoğlu FM, İpek S. A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. TJNS. 2020;9:146–156.
MLA Işık, Nursen et al. “A Proposal for Conservation and Complementation for the Historic Diyarbakır City Walls: The Urfa Gate, Towers and City Walls”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2020, pp. 146-5, doi:10.46810/tdfd.726031.
Vancouver Işık N, Halifeoğlu FM, İpek S. A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. TJNS. 2020;9(2):146-5.

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