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Geleneksel ve Tarihi Mimaride Mekân Algısı Oluşturmak İçin Kullanılan Tasarım Öğeleri: İran Mimarisinden Bir Örnek

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 311 - 331, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1017687

Abstract

İnsan içinde bulunduğu mekân ile sürekli bir etkileşim halinde olup içinde bulunduğu mekânı duyular yoluyla algılar. Bu algılar bazen bilgi ve tecrübelerden yararlanarak ve bazen anlık hisler ile yorumlanır. Algılamanın büyük bir kısmını, görme duyusu kaynaklı, görsel algı oluşturmaktadır. Biçim, renk, malzeme, doku, ışık ve yansıma kavramları mekândaki görsel algıyı etkileyen tasarım ögeleridir.

Mekân, tüm boyutlarıyla insan yaşamının bir yansımasıdır. Modern yapılarda mekan tasarımları insanların ihtiyaçları, inançları ve bilgileri ile uyumludur. Ancak tarihi yapılarda mekan algısını tam olarak algılayabilmek için bazen mekanın mimari niteliklerini ve mekanın duyusal özelliklerini tam olarak keşfetmek gerekir.

Bu makalede İran’ın Kültürel Miras Koruma Kurumu listesinde, İran’ın en çok tarihi ve mimari değere sahip olan, tarihi binalar arasından beş örnek incelenmek için seçilmektedir. Araştırmada bu tarihi binaların mekân algısına neden olan tasarım öğelerini ve geçmişte mimarın bu algıların duyulmasının ardında olan tasarım amaçlarını ve günümüzde mimar olmayan kullanıcılar tarafından bu algılara ulaşılıp ulaşılmaması tartışılmaktadır.

References

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  • Ebad, S. (2013). Iranian Mosques, The Milestone of Islamic Architecture: A Case Study of Shaikh Lotfollah Mosque. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 7 (13), 940-951. Retrieved from: http://www.masjed.ir/Content/media/article/r_2055_140217125852_0.pdf
  • Haji-Qassemi, K. (2004). Ganjnameh of the Hamam. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Documentation and Research Center.
  • Haji-Qassemi, K. (2015). Ganjnameh; Mansions of Kashan. Tehran: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Documentation and Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University. Retrieved from: https://kavstudio.com.au/journal/2016/9/19/republication-of-the-first-volume-ofganjnameh-mansions-of-kashan
  • Hummon, D. (1992). Place Attachment, Community Attachment. In S. Low, & I. Altman, Place Attachment. 12, pp. 253-278. Boston: Springer. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_1
  • Iran Cultural Heritage Organization. (2021). Historical Notes. Tehran: Iran Cultural Heritage Organization Publications.
  • Kahn, L. (1988). Architecture at Rice Publications, in Conversations with students. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
  • Low, S., & Altman, I. (1992). Place Attachment. New York: Plenum Press. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_1
  • Maliki, M., Parsa, S., Vasig, B., & Muradi, E. (2015). Examination of The Feeling of Belonging to the Space by Considering Differences in Sexuality. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 33 (148), 99-108. Retrieved from http://jhre.ir/article-1-365-en.html
  • Norberg-Schulz, C. (1972). Existence, Space and Architecture. USA: MIT Press Cambridge.
  • Norberg-Schulz, C. (1975). Meaning in Western Architecture. New York: Praeger Publishers.
  • Rapoport, A. (1990). The Meaning of The Built Environment: A Nonverbal Communication Approach. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=bn_7_UFAbdUC&printsec=frontcover&hl=tr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad
  • Relph, E. (1976). Place and Place lessness. London: Pion Limited.
  • Sözen, M., & Tanyeli, U. (1986). Dictionary of Art Terms and Concepts. İstanbul: Remzi Publishing House.
  • Steele, F. (1981). The Sense of Place. Boston: CBI Publishing Company.
  • Tatarkiewicz, W. (1980). A History of Six Ideas: An Essay in Aesthetics. Melbourne International Philosophy Series (Vol. 5), The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group.
  • Zevi, B. (1990). To learn to See Architecture. İstanbul: Birsen Publishing House.
  • Zolfaghari, H., Kordhaghi, M., & Yamaçlı, R. (2022). The Effect of Climate on the Architectural Design of Iranian Qajar Period (1794-1925) Baths; A Case Study of Hot and Cold Climates. Journal of Architecture and Life, 7(1), 43-63. DOI: 10.26835/my.938873

Design Elements Used to Create a Perception of Space in Architecture: A Case Study of Iranian Architecture

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 311 - 331, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1017687

Abstract

Human beings are constantly interacting with their space and perceive their environment through their senses. These perceptions are sometimes interpreted through knowledge and experience, sometimes through instant feelings and memories. The most significant perception component is visual perception, and it is about the sense of sight. The design elements that affect the visual perception of space are form, color, material, texture, light, and reflection.
Space is a reflection of human life with all its dimensions. In modern buildings, space designs are in harmony with people's needs, beliefs, and knowledge. However, in historical buildings, it is sometimes necessary to fully discover the space's architectural qualities and sensory features of the space to sense space perception fully.
For the purposes of the study, five examples of the historical buildings that have historic and architectural quality and importance in Iran were selected from the list of Iran Cultural Heritage Organization. The study discusses the design elements that affect the perception of space in these historic buildings and the design objectives of the vernacular historical architecture in Iran.

References

  • Ashihara, Y. (1970). Exterior Design in Architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
  • Bouchenaki, M. (2003). The İnterdependency of the Tangible and İntangible Cultural Heritage, in: 14th ICOMOS General Assembly and International Symposium: 'Place, memory, meaning: preserving intangible values in monuments and sites', 27– 31 Oct 2003, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, Retrieved from: http://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/468/
  • Ebad, S. (2013). Iranian Mosques, The Milestone of Islamic Architecture: A Case Study of Shaikh Lotfollah Mosque. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 7 (13), 940-951. Retrieved from: http://www.masjed.ir/Content/media/article/r_2055_140217125852_0.pdf
  • Haji-Qassemi, K. (2004). Ganjnameh of the Hamam. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Documentation and Research Center.
  • Haji-Qassemi, K. (2015). Ganjnameh; Mansions of Kashan. Tehran: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Documentation and Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University. Retrieved from: https://kavstudio.com.au/journal/2016/9/19/republication-of-the-first-volume-ofganjnameh-mansions-of-kashan
  • Hummon, D. (1992). Place Attachment, Community Attachment. In S. Low, & I. Altman, Place Attachment. 12, pp. 253-278. Boston: Springer. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_1
  • Iran Cultural Heritage Organization. (2021). Historical Notes. Tehran: Iran Cultural Heritage Organization Publications.
  • Kahn, L. (1988). Architecture at Rice Publications, in Conversations with students. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
  • Low, S., & Altman, I. (1992). Place Attachment. New York: Plenum Press. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_1
  • Maliki, M., Parsa, S., Vasig, B., & Muradi, E. (2015). Examination of The Feeling of Belonging to the Space by Considering Differences in Sexuality. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 33 (148), 99-108. Retrieved from http://jhre.ir/article-1-365-en.html
  • Norberg-Schulz, C. (1972). Existence, Space and Architecture. USA: MIT Press Cambridge.
  • Norberg-Schulz, C. (1975). Meaning in Western Architecture. New York: Praeger Publishers.
  • Rapoport, A. (1990). The Meaning of The Built Environment: A Nonverbal Communication Approach. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=bn_7_UFAbdUC&printsec=frontcover&hl=tr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad
  • Relph, E. (1976). Place and Place lessness. London: Pion Limited.
  • Sözen, M., & Tanyeli, U. (1986). Dictionary of Art Terms and Concepts. İstanbul: Remzi Publishing House.
  • Steele, F. (1981). The Sense of Place. Boston: CBI Publishing Company.
  • Tatarkiewicz, W. (1980). A History of Six Ideas: An Essay in Aesthetics. Melbourne International Philosophy Series (Vol. 5), The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group.
  • Zevi, B. (1990). To learn to See Architecture. İstanbul: Birsen Publishing House.
  • Zolfaghari, H., Kordhaghi, M., & Yamaçlı, R. (2022). The Effect of Climate on the Architectural Design of Iranian Qajar Period (1794-1925) Baths; A Case Study of Hot and Cold Climates. Journal of Architecture and Life, 7(1), 43-63. DOI: 10.26835/my.938873
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mahsa Kordhaghı 0000-0003-3172-3757

Hossein Zolfagharı 0000-0002-4254-4490

Özlem Kandemir 0000-0003-4602-4828

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kordhaghı, M., Zolfagharı, H., & Kandemir, Ö. (2022). Design Elements Used to Create a Perception of Space in Architecture: A Case Study of Iranian Architecture. Mimarlık Ve Yaşam, 7(1), 311-331. https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1017687