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A Novel Approach in Design Research: Reflexive Design

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 88 - 101, 23.06.2023

Gökçe Ketizmen

https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1240781

Abstract

The importance of the concept of reflexivity in design research gains importance in terms of bringing an alternative attention to the conventional scientific method debates. At international level, reflexivity is broadly discussed particularly in design research, but not discussed sufficiently at national level. Due to this deficiency, study aims to discuss the meaning of reflexive design through literature analysis, and drawing attention to the importance of the subject that is not discussed much in the national literature. The study provides a wide range of content related to the concept of reflexive design and focuses on bringing an innovative perspective to design research, which focuses on producing dialogue-based, subjective, productive, new and often unexpected knowledge forms. Principally, this study intents to contribute to the scientific method discussions in research focusing on the relations between theory and practice in the field of design.

Keywords

design research reflexivity reflexive design

References

  • Archer, L. (1979). Whatever became of design methodology?. Design Studies, 1(1), 17-20.
  • Archer, M. (2007). Making our way through the world: human reflexivity and social mobility. Cambridge University Press.
  • Avle, S. & Lindtner, S. (2016). Design(ing) ‘Here’ and ‘There’: tech entrepreneurs, global markets, and reflexivity in design processes. What Lies Beyond? Design and Infrastructure through a Critical Lens (pp. 2233-2245). USA: CHI 2016, San Jose, CA, USA.
  • Baxter, K. (2014). A convergence of three: The reflexive capacity of art practice. Art Education, 67(6), 28-34.
  • Benfer, K. (2018). How does one stop?. In Margitta Buchert. (Eds.), Processes of Reflexive Design (pp. 60-75). Berlin: Jovis.
  • Bergold, J., Thomas, S. (2012). Participatory research methods: A methodological approach in motion. Historical Social Research, 37(4), 191-222.
  • Broadbent, G. (1979). The development of design methods. Design Methods and Theories, 13(1), 41-45.
  • Bos , A. P. (Bram) (2008). Instrumentalization theory and reflexive design in animal husbandry, Social Epistemology, 22(1), 29-50. DOI: 10.1080/02691720701773502
  • Bourdieu, P. & Wacquant, L. J. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. Polity Press.
  • Buchert, M. (2014). Reflexive design. Jovis Verlag.
  • Buchert, M. (2016). Praktiken reflexiven entwerfens. Jovis.
  • Buchert, M. (2018). Processes of reflexive design. Jovis.
  • Buchert, M. (2021). Reflexive, reflexivity, and the concept of reflexive design. Dimensions of Architectural Knowledge, (01), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.14361/dak-2021-0109
  • Cross, N. (1993). A history of design methodology. In M. Vries, N. Cross ve D. Grant (Eds.), Design Methodology and Relationships with Science (pp. 15-27). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Cross, N. (1999). Design research: A disciplined conversation. Design Issues, 15(2), 5-10.
  • Etherington, K. (2004). Becoming a reflexive researcher, using ourselves in research. Jessica Kingsley Publishers .
  • Finlay, L. (1998). Reflexivity: an essential component for all research? The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(10), 453–6. doi:10.1177/030802269806101005
  • Finlay, L. (2012). Five lenses for the reflexive interviewer. In J. F. (Eds), The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of the Craft. (2nd ed., pp. 317–333). Sage.
  • Fish, B., Stark, L. (2021). Reflexive Design for Fairness and Other Human Values in Formal Models. AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (pp. 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462518). New York: Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society.
  • Finlay, L., Gough, B. (2003). Reflexivity A Practical Guide for Researchers in Health and Social Sciences. Blackwell Science.
  • Frayling, C. (1993). Research in Art and Design. Royal College of Art Research Paper, 1(1), 1-5.
  • Forlizzi, J., Zimmerman, J., Evenson, S. (2008). Crafting a place for interaction design research in HCI. Design Issues, 24(3), 19-29.
  • Grbich, C. (2004). New approaches in social research. SAGE Publications.
  • Gregory, S. (1966). The design method. Butterworth. Springer.
  • Hauberg, J. (2011) Research by design : a research strategy, Revista Lusófona de Architectura Educacao,(5), 46-56. http://revistas.ulusofona.pt/index.php/revlae/issue/current
  • Hajer, M. (2003). Policy without polity? Policy analysis and the institutional void. Policy Sciences, 36, 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024834510939
  • Hargrove, R. (2011). Fostering creativity in the design studio: a framework towards effective pedagogical practices. Art, Design and Communication in Higher Education, 10(1), 7-31.
  • Holland, R. (1999). Reflexivity. Human Relations,52(4), 463-484.
  • Janson, A. (2014). Fundamental concepts of architecture. In Margitta Buchert (Eds.), Reflexive Design (pp. 104-125). Jovis.
  • Johnson, P., Duberley, J. (2003). Reflexivity in management research. Journal of Management Studies, 40(5), 1279–1303. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00380
  • Jonas, W. (2007). Design Research and its Meaning to the Methodological Development of the Discipline. In R. Michel, Design Research Now Essays and Selected Projects (pp. 187-206). Birkhauser.
  • Jones, J. (1970). Design methods. John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2006). The semantic turn: A new foundation for design. Taylor and Francis.
  • Lambert, C., Jomeen, J., McSherry, W. (2010). Reflexivity: A review of the literature in the context of midwifery research. BritJ.of Midwifery, 18(5), 321-326.
  • Lawrence, A. R. (2016). Spin-Offs: The V.C Morris Shop and self-reflexivity in the work of Frank Lloyd Wright. Perspecta, 4(9), 17-28.
  • Lawson, B. (1980). How designers think. Architectural Press.
  • Leon, H. (2018). Before Starting. In Margitta Buchert (eds.), Processes of Reflexive Design (pp. 42-58). Jovis.
  • Lynch, C. (2008). Reflexivity in research on civil society: Constructivist perspectives International Studies Review, 10(4), 708-721.
  • Mann, S. (2016). The research interview reflective practice and reflexivity in research processes. Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Mücen, B. (2017). Sabit fikirlerle yüzleşen bilimsel tutum. In K. K. Tanıl Bora(eds.), Ocak ve Zanaat (pp. 421-435). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Nelson, W. A. (2013). Design, Research, and Design Research: Synergies and Contradictions. EduTech., 53(1), 3-11.
  • Pihkala, S., Karasti, H. (2016). Reflexive Engagement – Enacting Reflexivity in Design and for ‘Participation in Plural’. PDC '16, (pp. 21-30). Aarhus, Denmark.
  • Richter, C.,Allert, H. (2017). Design as critical engagement in and for education. Educational Design Research, 1(1), 1-20.
  • Rittel, H. (1972). The State of the Art in Design Methods. Design Research and Methods. 7(2), 143-147.
  • Ruby, J. (1980). Exposing yourself: Reflexivity, anthropology, and film. Semiotica, 30(1-2), 153-179.
  • Simon, H. (1969). The sciences of the artificial. MA: MIT Press.
  • Schön, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. Basic Books.
  • Schwandt, T. (1997). Qualitative inquiry: A dictionary of terms. Sage Public.
  • Scholl, M. (2014). Process information. In Margitta Buchert (eds.), Reflexive Design (pp. 126-138). Jovis.
  • Spinuzzi, C. (2005). The methodology of participatory design. TechComm. 52(2),163-174.
  • Steen, M. (2013). Virtues in participatory design: Cooperation, curiosity, creativity, empowerment and reflexivity. Science and Engineering Ethics, (19), 945–962.
  • Thomas, W., Thomas, D. S. (1928). The child in america: behavior problems and programs. Knopf.
  • Voet, C. (2018). Fuel for a novel design strategy. In Margitta Buchert(eds.), Processes of Reflexive Design (pp. 76-92). Jovis.
  • Walsh, R. (2003). The methods of reflexivity. The Humanistic Psychologist, 31(4), 51-66.
  • Waks, L. (2001). Donald Schon's philosophy of design and design education. Int.Journal of Technology and Design Education, (11), 37–51.
  • White, B. Y., Frederiksen, J. (1998). Inquiry, modeling, and metacognition: Making science accessible to all students. Cognition and Instruction, (16), 3-118.

Tasarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Bir Yaklaşım: Refleksiv Tasarım

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 88 - 101, 23.06.2023

Gökçe Ketizmen

https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1240781

Abstract

Refleksiv tasarım, mevcut bilinen bilimsel metot ve teorilerin dışında, tasarımda teori ve pratik arasında yeni ilişkileri ortaya koymayı ve objektifliğin ötesinde subjektif olabilmeyi destekleyen, öz eleştiri ve referansın önemini sorgulayan çağdaş bir yaklaşımdır. Uluslararası literatürde özellikle son on yılda refleksivite kavramı tasarım araştırmalarında geniş bir şekilde tartışılmakta ancak bu tartışmalar ulusal düzeyde yeterince karşılığını bulamamaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma, literatür analizi ile refleksiv tasarım yaklaşımını tartışmayı; ulusal literatürde çok fazla ele alınmayan konunun önemine dikkat çekerek literatüre hem katkı sağlamayı hem de bu boşluğu doldurmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, tasarım araştırmalarında teori ve pratik arasındaki ilişkilere odaklanan araştırmalarda yöntem tartışmalarına katkı sağlamayı; bilindik, kalıplaşmış araştırma yaklaşımlarının ötesinde, diyalog temelli, subjektif, üretken, yeni ve genellikle beklenmedik biçimler üretmeyi merkeze alan tasarım araştırmalarına yenilikçi bir bakış açısı kazandırmayı temel almaktadır.

Keywords

tasarım araştırmaları refleksivite refleksiv tasarım

References

  • Archer, L. (1979). Whatever became of design methodology?. Design Studies, 1(1), 17-20.
  • Archer, M. (2007). Making our way through the world: human reflexivity and social mobility. Cambridge University Press.
  • Avle, S. & Lindtner, S. (2016). Design(ing) ‘Here’ and ‘There’: tech entrepreneurs, global markets, and reflexivity in design processes. What Lies Beyond? Design and Infrastructure through a Critical Lens (pp. 2233-2245). USA: CHI 2016, San Jose, CA, USA.
  • Baxter, K. (2014). A convergence of three: The reflexive capacity of art practice. Art Education, 67(6), 28-34.
  • Benfer, K. (2018). How does one stop?. In Margitta Buchert. (Eds.), Processes of Reflexive Design (pp. 60-75). Berlin: Jovis.
  • Bergold, J., Thomas, S. (2012). Participatory research methods: A methodological approach in motion. Historical Social Research, 37(4), 191-222.
  • Broadbent, G. (1979). The development of design methods. Design Methods and Theories, 13(1), 41-45.
  • Bos , A. P. (Bram) (2008). Instrumentalization theory and reflexive design in animal husbandry, Social Epistemology, 22(1), 29-50. DOI: 10.1080/02691720701773502
  • Bourdieu, P. & Wacquant, L. J. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. Polity Press.
  • Buchert, M. (2014). Reflexive design. Jovis Verlag.
  • Buchert, M. (2016). Praktiken reflexiven entwerfens. Jovis.
  • Buchert, M. (2018). Processes of reflexive design. Jovis.
  • Buchert, M. (2021). Reflexive, reflexivity, and the concept of reflexive design. Dimensions of Architectural Knowledge, (01), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.14361/dak-2021-0109
  • Cross, N. (1993). A history of design methodology. In M. Vries, N. Cross ve D. Grant (Eds.), Design Methodology and Relationships with Science (pp. 15-27). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Cross, N. (1999). Design research: A disciplined conversation. Design Issues, 15(2), 5-10.
  • Etherington, K. (2004). Becoming a reflexive researcher, using ourselves in research. Jessica Kingsley Publishers .
  • Finlay, L. (1998). Reflexivity: an essential component for all research? The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(10), 453–6. doi:10.1177/030802269806101005
  • Finlay, L. (2012). Five lenses for the reflexive interviewer. In J. F. (Eds), The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of the Craft. (2nd ed., pp. 317–333). Sage.
  • Fish, B., Stark, L. (2021). Reflexive Design for Fairness and Other Human Values in Formal Models. AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (pp. 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462518). New York: Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society.
  • Finlay, L., Gough, B. (2003). Reflexivity A Practical Guide for Researchers in Health and Social Sciences. Blackwell Science.
  • Frayling, C. (1993). Research in Art and Design. Royal College of Art Research Paper, 1(1), 1-5.
  • Forlizzi, J., Zimmerman, J., Evenson, S. (2008). Crafting a place for interaction design research in HCI. Design Issues, 24(3), 19-29.
  • Grbich, C. (2004). New approaches in social research. SAGE Publications.
  • Gregory, S. (1966). The design method. Butterworth. Springer.
  • Hauberg, J. (2011) Research by design : a research strategy, Revista Lusófona de Architectura Educacao,(5), 46-56. http://revistas.ulusofona.pt/index.php/revlae/issue/current
  • Hajer, M. (2003). Policy without polity? Policy analysis and the institutional void. Policy Sciences, 36, 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024834510939
  • Hargrove, R. (2011). Fostering creativity in the design studio: a framework towards effective pedagogical practices. Art, Design and Communication in Higher Education, 10(1), 7-31.
  • Holland, R. (1999). Reflexivity. Human Relations,52(4), 463-484.
  • Janson, A. (2014). Fundamental concepts of architecture. In Margitta Buchert (Eds.), Reflexive Design (pp. 104-125). Jovis.
  • Johnson, P., Duberley, J. (2003). Reflexivity in management research. Journal of Management Studies, 40(5), 1279–1303. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00380
  • Jonas, W. (2007). Design Research and its Meaning to the Methodological Development of the Discipline. In R. Michel, Design Research Now Essays and Selected Projects (pp. 187-206). Birkhauser.
  • Jones, J. (1970). Design methods. John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2006). The semantic turn: A new foundation for design. Taylor and Francis.
  • Lambert, C., Jomeen, J., McSherry, W. (2010). Reflexivity: A review of the literature in the context of midwifery research. BritJ.of Midwifery, 18(5), 321-326.
  • Lawrence, A. R. (2016). Spin-Offs: The V.C Morris Shop and self-reflexivity in the work of Frank Lloyd Wright. Perspecta, 4(9), 17-28.
  • Lawson, B. (1980). How designers think. Architectural Press.
  • Leon, H. (2018). Before Starting. In Margitta Buchert (eds.), Processes of Reflexive Design (pp. 42-58). Jovis.
  • Lynch, C. (2008). Reflexivity in research on civil society: Constructivist perspectives International Studies Review, 10(4), 708-721.
  • Mann, S. (2016). The research interview reflective practice and reflexivity in research processes. Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Mücen, B. (2017). Sabit fikirlerle yüzleşen bilimsel tutum. In K. K. Tanıl Bora(eds.), Ocak ve Zanaat (pp. 421-435). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Nelson, W. A. (2013). Design, Research, and Design Research: Synergies and Contradictions. EduTech., 53(1), 3-11.
  • Pihkala, S., Karasti, H. (2016). Reflexive Engagement – Enacting Reflexivity in Design and for ‘Participation in Plural’. PDC '16, (pp. 21-30). Aarhus, Denmark.
  • Richter, C.,Allert, H. (2017). Design as critical engagement in and for education. Educational Design Research, 1(1), 1-20.
  • Rittel, H. (1972). The State of the Art in Design Methods. Design Research and Methods. 7(2), 143-147.
  • Ruby, J. (1980). Exposing yourself: Reflexivity, anthropology, and film. Semiotica, 30(1-2), 153-179.
  • Simon, H. (1969). The sciences of the artificial. MA: MIT Press.
  • Schön, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. Basic Books.
  • Schwandt, T. (1997). Qualitative inquiry: A dictionary of terms. Sage Public.
  • Scholl, M. (2014). Process information. In Margitta Buchert (eds.), Reflexive Design (pp. 126-138). Jovis.
  • Spinuzzi, C. (2005). The methodology of participatory design. TechComm. 52(2),163-174.
  • Steen, M. (2013). Virtues in participatory design: Cooperation, curiosity, creativity, empowerment and reflexivity. Science and Engineering Ethics, (19), 945–962.
  • Thomas, W., Thomas, D. S. (1928). The child in america: behavior problems and programs. Knopf.
  • Voet, C. (2018). Fuel for a novel design strategy. In Margitta Buchert(eds.), Processes of Reflexive Design (pp. 76-92). Jovis.
  • Walsh, R. (2003). The methods of reflexivity. The Humanistic Psychologist, 31(4), 51-66.
  • Waks, L. (2001). Donald Schon's philosophy of design and design education. Int.Journal of Technology and Design Education, (11), 37–51.
  • White, B. Y., Frederiksen, J. (1998). Inquiry, modeling, and metacognition: Making science accessible to all students. Cognition and Instruction, (16), 3-118.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Gökçe Ketizmen 0000-0002-7603-7243

Publication Date June 23, 2023
Submission Date January 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ketizmen, G. (2023). Tasarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Bir Yaklaşım: Refleksiv Tasarım. Modular Journal, 6(1), 88-101. https://doi.org/10.59389/modular.1240781
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