Locational Preferences of Transnational Corporations in Turkey: From the Last Period of the Ottoman Empire to the 2000s
Abstract
Transnational
corporations (TNCs) have played an increasingly significant role in the world
economy particularly throughout the last four decades. TNCs’ crucial
significance makes them a subject of great concern to consumers, producers,
nation states, and international organizations within the context of globalised
economy. Locational preferences of transnational corporations, on the other
hand, have always been deeply affected by changes in the economic and political
structures, i.e. policies, institutional, and legal frameworks for foreign
direct investments. From this point of view, the aim of this paper is to
unravel the ways in which locational preferences of transnational corporations have
changed throughout different historical periods in Turkey. For this aim, a
historical analysis by way of giving reference to fluctuations occurred in the
economic and political structure of the country is carried out from the host
country perspective starting with the last period of Ottoman Empire to the
2000s. In this context, a historical account of the various factors that affect
the location selection decision of transnational corporations, home countries of
these companies, sectors these companies invested in, their investment capital,
policies related to foreign direct investment in the host country, accessibility
to markets, infrastructure in the host country, and other resources were
enquired in the Turkish context.
Keywords
Foreign Direct Investment Transnational Corporations Locational Preferences Economic and Political Structures Turkey
References
- Azcanlı, A. (1995). Türk otomotiv sanayiinin tarihsel gelişimi. İstanbul: Otomotiv Sanayii Derneği.
- Bergsten, F., Horst, T. and Moran, T., (1977). American multinationals and American interests, Washington D.C.: Brooking Institution.
- Brewer, T. L., & Young, S. (2003). The effects on firms’ strategic choices of the WTO trade–investment regime. Multinational Firms: The Global-Local Dilemma, 18.
- Buckley, P. J., & Casson, M. (2016). The future of the multinational enterprise. Springer.
- Bulutoğlu, K. (1974). 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Yabancı Sermaye, İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi.
- Castells, M., (1996). The information age: Economy, society and culture, Volume 1, The rise of network society, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
- Caves, R. E., (1982). Multinational enterprise and economic analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Corbo, V., & Hernandez, L. (1996). Macroeconomic adjustment to capital inflows: lessons from recent Latin American and East Asian experience. World Bank Research Observer, 11(1), 61-85.
- Dunning, J.H. (1981). International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, London: Allen and Unwin Pub.
- Dunning, J.H. (1988). Explaining International Production, London: Allen and Unwin Pub.
- Dunning, J.H., (1994). Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Wokingham: Addison-Wesley Pub. Com.
- Dunning, J. H. (2000). The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity. International Business Review, 9(2), 163-190.
- Eldem, V. (1973). Mütareke ve milli mücadele yılarında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ekonomisi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türk İktisat Tarihi Semineri, Ankara.
- Gözlem Newspaper (1998). Serbest bölgeler, A handbook, 2nd November 1998.
- Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity, Oxford: Blackwell Pub.
- Hirst, P. and Thompson, G., (1996). Globalisation in question, Cambridge.
- Hymer, S. H., (1960). The international operations of national firms: a study of direct foreign investment, Cambridge: MIT Press (Published 1976).
- Kazgan, G. (1999). Tanzimat’tan XXI. Yüzyıla Türkiye ekonomisi: 1. Küreselleşmeden 2. Küreselleşmeye, İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar Yayınevi.
- Kepenek, Y. and Yentürk, N. (2000). Türkiye ekonomisi, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
- Kobrin, Stephen J. "Development after industrialization: poor countries in an electronically integrated global economy." The Globalization of multinational enterprise activity and economic development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. 133-154.
- Markusen, J.R. (1981). Trade and the gains from trade with imperfect competition, Journal of International Economics, 11:531–551.
- Özer, M. H. (2014). The effects of the Marshall plan aids to the development of the agricultural sector in Turkey, the 1948-1953 period. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,4(2): 427-439
- Sat, N. A. (2005), Local Embeddedness of Transnational Corporations: Turkish Case. Unpublished Phd. Thesis, METU, Ankara.
- S.P.O. (1981). 1981 Yılı Programı, DPT, Ankara.
- Togan, S. (1994). Foreign trade regime and trade liberalization in Turkey during the 1980s, Aldershot: Ashgate Pub.
- Tuncer, B. (1968). Türkiye’de yabancı sermaye sorunu, Ankara: SBF.
- Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 190-207.
- Weiss, L. (1997). Globalization and the myth of the powerless state. New Left Review, (225), 3.
- Wheeler, D. and Mody, A. (1992). International investment location decisions: the case of U.S. firms, Journal of International Economics, 33: 57-76.
- World Bank (1950). World development report, Washington D.C.
- YASED (1998). Yabancı sermaye raporu, Unpublished Paper, Ankara.
- Yerasimos, S. (1975). Azgelişmişlik sürecinde Türkiye, Gözlem, 2: 494.
Türkiye’deki Çokuluslu Şirketlerin Yerseçim Tercihleri: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Son Döneminden 2000’li Yıllara
Abstract
Çokuluslu şirketler, özellikle son kırk
yıldır dünya ekonomisinde giderek önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Çokuluslu
şirketlerin bu artan önemi, onları küresel ekonomi bağlamında tüketiciler,
üreticiler, ulus devletler ve uluslararası kuruluşlar açısından büyük bir ilgi
odağı haline getirmektedir. Öte yandan, çokuluslu şirketlerin yerseçim
tercihleri, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlara yönelik politikalar, kurumsal ve yasal
çerçeveler gibi ekonomik ve politik yapılardaki değişimlerden her zaman
derinden etkilenmektedir. Bu bakış açısından hareketle, bu yazının amacı, çokuluslu
şirketlerin yerseçim tercihlerinin Türkiye'de farklı tarihsel dönemler boyunca
nasıl değiştiğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çokuluslu
şirketlerin yerseçim süreçleri, ülkenin ekonomik yapısından ve siyasal yapısında
meydana gelen dalgalanmalara da vurgu yaparak, evsahibi ülke olan Türkiye perspektifinden
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son döneminden 2000’li yıllara kadar uzanan bir
süreci içeren tarihsel bir analiz yapılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’de yerseçmiş
bulunan çokuluslu şirketlerin yerseçim kararlarını; çokuluslu şirketlerin ev sahibi
ülkeleri, yatırım yaptıkları sektörler, yatırım sermaye miktarları, yatırımı
alan ülkedeki (misafir eden ülke) yabancı yatırımlara yönelik olan politka
uygulamaları, mevcut pazarlar ve bu pazarlara erişim imkanları, teknik altyapı
ve diğer kaynaklar vb. etkileyen faktörler temel alınarak tarihsel olarak
incelenmektedir.
Keywords
Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Ulusaşırı Şirketler Yerseçim Tercihleri Ekonomik ve Politik yapılar Türkiye.
References
- Azcanlı, A. (1995). Türk otomotiv sanayiinin tarihsel gelişimi. İstanbul: Otomotiv Sanayii Derneği.
- Bergsten, F., Horst, T. and Moran, T., (1977). American multinationals and American interests, Washington D.C.: Brooking Institution.
- Brewer, T. L., & Young, S. (2003). The effects on firms’ strategic choices of the WTO trade–investment regime. Multinational Firms: The Global-Local Dilemma, 18.
- Buckley, P. J., & Casson, M. (2016). The future of the multinational enterprise. Springer.
- Bulutoğlu, K. (1974). 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Yabancı Sermaye, İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi.
- Castells, M., (1996). The information age: Economy, society and culture, Volume 1, The rise of network society, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
- Caves, R. E., (1982). Multinational enterprise and economic analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Corbo, V., & Hernandez, L. (1996). Macroeconomic adjustment to capital inflows: lessons from recent Latin American and East Asian experience. World Bank Research Observer, 11(1), 61-85.
- Dunning, J.H. (1981). International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, London: Allen and Unwin Pub.
- Dunning, J.H. (1988). Explaining International Production, London: Allen and Unwin Pub.
- Dunning, J.H., (1994). Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Wokingham: Addison-Wesley Pub. Com.
- Dunning, J. H. (2000). The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity. International Business Review, 9(2), 163-190.
- Eldem, V. (1973). Mütareke ve milli mücadele yılarında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ekonomisi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türk İktisat Tarihi Semineri, Ankara.
- Gözlem Newspaper (1998). Serbest bölgeler, A handbook, 2nd November 1998.
- Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity, Oxford: Blackwell Pub.
- Hirst, P. and Thompson, G., (1996). Globalisation in question, Cambridge.
- Hymer, S. H., (1960). The international operations of national firms: a study of direct foreign investment, Cambridge: MIT Press (Published 1976).
- Kazgan, G. (1999). Tanzimat’tan XXI. Yüzyıla Türkiye ekonomisi: 1. Küreselleşmeden 2. Küreselleşmeye, İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar Yayınevi.
- Kepenek, Y. and Yentürk, N. (2000). Türkiye ekonomisi, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
- Kobrin, Stephen J. "Development after industrialization: poor countries in an electronically integrated global economy." The Globalization of multinational enterprise activity and economic development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. 133-154.
- Markusen, J.R. (1981). Trade and the gains from trade with imperfect competition, Journal of International Economics, 11:531–551.
- Özer, M. H. (2014). The effects of the Marshall plan aids to the development of the agricultural sector in Turkey, the 1948-1953 period. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,4(2): 427-439
- Sat, N. A. (2005), Local Embeddedness of Transnational Corporations: Turkish Case. Unpublished Phd. Thesis, METU, Ankara.
- S.P.O. (1981). 1981 Yılı Programı, DPT, Ankara.
- Togan, S. (1994). Foreign trade regime and trade liberalization in Turkey during the 1980s, Aldershot: Ashgate Pub.
- Tuncer, B. (1968). Türkiye’de yabancı sermaye sorunu, Ankara: SBF.
- Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 190-207.
- Weiss, L. (1997). Globalization and the myth of the powerless state. New Left Review, (225), 3.
- Wheeler, D. and Mody, A. (1992). International investment location decisions: the case of U.S. firms, Journal of International Economics, 33: 57-76.
- World Bank (1950). World development report, Washington D.C.
- YASED (1998). Yabancı sermaye raporu, Unpublished Paper, Ankara.
- Yerasimos, S. (1975). Azgelişmişlik sürecinde Türkiye, Gözlem, 2: 494.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 27, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 20 Issue: 1 |
